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Yin Fatang

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Yin Fatang (born July 1922, Chinese: 阴法唐), a native of Zhanglizhuang, Taoyuan Township, Feicheng, Shandong Province,[1][2] is a politician in the People's Republic of China and a general in the People's Liberation Army. He served as the First Secretary of the Tibet Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as Deputy Political Commissar of the Second Artillery of the People's Liberation Army, holding the rank of Lieutenant General.[3][4]

Biography

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In 1937, Yin Fatang completed his studies at Tai'an No. 3 Junior High School and subsequently graduated from Shandong Senior Vocational School in Jinan.[5] In May 1938, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, he enlisted in the People's Anti-Enemy Self-Defense Regiment of the Western District of Shandong, established and directed by the CCP East Shandong Provincial Committee, and became a member of the CCP in June 1938. In July 1938, Yin Fatang joined the Feicheng County Security Guard under the auspices of the CCP, which was restructured into the Seventeenth Detachment, commanded by Fan Zhuxian (Chinese: 范筑先), in October, and subsequently transformed into the Sixth Detachment of the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army in November, operating in Tai'an, Feicheng, and surrounding counties.[6] He held the positions of company political teacher and battalion branch secretary. In 1940, he held the position of organization officer for the 343rd Brigade of the 115th Division, which was subsequently renamed the second sub-district of the Ji-Lu-Yu Border Region (Chinese: 冀鲁豫军区).[7] In 1941, he ascended to the role of political commissar for the Pu County Brigade and became a member of the CCP Pu County Committee. In 1945, he held the positions of deputy director of the political office and director of the Independent Regiment.[8]

In the course of the Second Nationalist-Communist War, he held the positions of director of the political office of the 58th Regiment of the 1st Column, political commissar of the 59th Regiment (subsequently reclassified as the 143rd Regiment of the 52nd Division of the 18th Corps of the 5th Corps), regimental commander, and political commissar of the Jin-Hei-Yu Military Region (later designated as the 2nd Field Army). He commanded his forces at the Battle of Longhai, the Battle of Southwest Shandong, the Leap into the Dabie Mountains, and orchestrated the Battle of Gaoshanpu.[9] During the Huaihai Campaign, he commanded his forces in the fight of Xiaomazhuang. Following his leadership in the Battle of the Yangtze River Crossing, he was tasked with chasing and annihilating the Nationalist forces under Song Xilian during the Battle of Southwest (Chinese: 西南战役).[10][11]

In 1950, he held the position of deputy political commissar of the 52nd Division of the 18th Army of the Second Field Army and directed his division in the mission to enter and develop Tibet.[12] He and Li Ming (Chinese: 李明), Chief of Staff of the Division, led the Right Route Army, initiated the Battle of Chamdo in early October 1950, defeated the primary contingent of the Tibetan Army, and secured victory in the Battle of Chamdo, establishing the groundwork for the political and peaceful independence of Tibet.[13] Subsequently, he held positions as a member of the Chamdo Liberation Committee, political commissar of the Gyantse Military Sub-district in Tibet, secretary of the CCP's Tibet Gyantse Sub-committee (which eventually evolved into a local committee), and a member of the Tibet Work Committee.[14] In 1955, he attained the rank of colonel and received the Order of Independence and Freedom (2nd Class) and the Order of Liberation (2nd Class). [15]

He participated in and led the repression of the Dalai Lama's uprising in 1959, and was designated as the front-line commander for the counter-offensive campaign against India by the Indian government in 1962.[16] In 1962, following India's incursion into Tibet, Yin Fatang was appointed as the political commissar of the Frontline Command for the Counterattack Operation against India.[17] Following the victory in the Sino-Indian War, he was one of five officers received by Chairman Mao Zedong and was elevated to the rank of colonel. In 1963, he assumed the position of director of the Political Department of the Tibet Military Region.[18]

He was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution for opposing Lin Biao's actions. In 1971, he was reassigned from Tibet and became deputy director of the political department of the Fuzhou Military Region, subsequently being promoted to director.[19] In 1975, he was reinstated as the director of the political department of the Jinan Military Region, and by the end of 1978, he ascended to the position of deputy political commissar of the Jinan Military Region. [20]

In 1980, he entered Tibet for a second time and was designated by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party as the first secretary of the Party Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region.[21] Concurrently, he was appointed by the CCP Central Military Commission as deputy political commissar of the Chengdu Military Region and first political commissar of the Tibet Military Region. During this time, he was chosen First Secretary of the Party Committee of the Tibet Military Region and Chairman of the Third Tibetan Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.[22] Throughout his tenure, he instituted numerous programs to redirect the emphasis of work towards economic development, resulting in a significant transformation in Tibet.[23][24]

In July 1985, he was sent from Tibet to serve as the deputy political commissar of the PLA Second Artillery. He attained the rank of lieutenant general in 1988 and received the Medal of Honor for Independent Merit.[25][26]

Yin Pha Tang served as a delegate to the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth National People's Congresses, was a member of the Standing Committee of the Seventh and Eighth National People's Congresses, and participated in the Committee of Internal and Judicial Affairs, among other roles. Furthermore, he was elected as a delegate to the 12th and 13th Congresses of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and as a member of the 12th CCP Central Committee.[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ 山东千年古县志 (in Chinese). 山东省地图出版社. 2006. p. 61. ISBN 978-7-80532-958-1. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  2. ^ 山东省肥城县史志编纂委员会 (1992). 肥城县志. 中华人民共和国地方志丛书 (in Chinese). 齐鲁书社. p. 884. ISBN 978-7-5333-0240-5. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  3. ^ Goldstein, M.C.; Sherap, D.; Siebenschuh, W.R. (2004). A Tibetan Revolutionary: The Political Life and Times of Bapa Phüntso Wangye. University of California Press. p. 292. ISBN 978-0-520-94030-7. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  4. ^ Sautman, B.; Dreyer, J.T. (2006). Contemporary Tibet: Politics, Development, and Society in a Disputed Region. An East Gate book. M.E. Sharpe. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-7656-1354-7. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  5. ^ 我告程维高: 一个公民与一个省委书记的战爭 (in Chinese). 东方出版社. 2004. p. 175. ISBN 978-7-5060-1809-8. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  6. ^ 中共冀鲁豫边区党史工作组. 办公室 (1992). 中共冀鲁豫边区党史资料选编: 回忆资料部分, 抗日战争时期, 解放战争时期. 中共冀鲁豫边区党史资料选编: 第四辑 (in Chinese). 山東大学出版社. ISBN 978-7-5607-0783-9. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  7. ^ China. 全国人民代表大会; China. 全国人民代表大会. 秘书处 (1988). 中华人民共和国第七屆全国人民代表大会第一次会议会刊 (in Chinese). 人民出版社. p. 344. ISBN 978-7-01-000414-3. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  8. ^ 《中共冀鲁豫边区党史资料选编》 编辑组 (1985). 中共冀鲁豫边区党史资料选编. 中共 冀鲁豫 边区 党史 资料 选编 (in Chinese). 山東大学出版社. p. 380. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  9. ^ 吉祥天路：青藏鐵路修築奇跡. 當代中國科技創造 (in Chinese). Kai ming shu dian. 2019. p. 18. ISBN 978-962-459-154-5. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  10. ^ 中囯共产党历史纪实编纂委员会 (2003). 中囯共产党历史纪实. 中囯共产党历史纪实 (in Chinese). 人民出版社. p. 156. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  11. ^ 杨勇上将. 中国人民解放军百战将星丛书 (in Chinese). 解放军文艺出版社. 2005. p. 235. ISBN 978-7-5033-1809-2. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  12. ^ 新中国军事活动纪实, 1949-1959 (in Chinese). 中共党史资料出版社. 1989. p. 52. ISBN 978-7-80023-072-1. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  13. ^ 《中共党史资料》编辑部 (2000). 亲历重大历史事件实录. 亲历重大历史事件实录 (in Chinese). 党建读物出版社. p. 280. ISBN 978-7-80098-438-9. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  14. ^ 《解放西藏史》编委会 (2008). 解放西藏史 (in Chinese). 中共党史出版社. p. 136. ISBN 978-7-80199-903-0. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  15. ^ 現代中国政界要人传略大全 (in Chinese). 中国广播电視出版社. 1993. p. 248. ISBN 978-7-5043-2530-3. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  16. ^ 中共西藏自治区委员会. 组织部; 中共西藏自治区委员会. 党史资料征集委员会; Tibet 档案局 (1993). 中国共产党西藏自治区组织史资料, 1950-1987 (in Chinese). 西藏人民出版社出版. p. 480. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  17. ^ 《解放西藏史》编委会 (2008). 解放西藏史 (in Chinese). 中共党史出版社. p. 479. ISBN 978-7-80199-903-0. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  18. ^ Grunfeld, A.T. (2015). The Making of Modern Tibet. Taylor & Francis. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-317-45584-4. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  19. ^ 中国共产党. 中央组织部; 中共中央党史硏究室; 中央档案馆 (2000). 中国共产党组织史资料: 中国人民解放军组织, 1949.10-1997.9 (附卷2). 中国共产党组织史资料 (in Chinese). 中共党史出版社. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  20. ^ 中共西藏自治区委员会. 党史研究室 (2005). 中国共产党西藏历史大事记, 1949-2004. 中国共产党西藏历史大事记, 1949-2004 (in Chinese). 中共党史出版社. p. 326. ISBN 978-7-80199-292-5. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  21. ^ 天上西藏 (in Chinese). 中国藏学出版社. 2005. p. 193. ISBN 978-7-80057-792-5. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  22. ^ 中共西藏自治区委员会. 组织部; 中共西藏自治区委员会. 党史资料征集委员会; Tibet 档案局 (1993). 中国共产党西藏自治区组织史资料, 1950-1987 (in Chinese). 西藏人民出版社出版. p. 194. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  23. ^ Daily Report: China. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1984. p. 9. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  24. ^ 内地办学的运行机制与社会效果：内地西藏班、新疆班专题研究. 21世纪中国民族问题丛书 (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. 2016. p. 232. ISBN 978-7-5097-9667-2. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  25. ^ 刚刚过去的历史 (in Chinese). 南方日报出版社. 2004. p. 227. ISBN 978-7-80652-356-8. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  26. ^ 全国人大常务委员会名录 (in Chinese). 解放军出版社. 1995. p. 312. ISBN 978-7-5065-2717-0. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  27. ^ 中共第一届至十五届中央委员 (in Chinese). 中央文献出版社. 2001. p. 254. ISBN 978-7-5073-1034-4. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
Party political offices
Preceded by Communist Party Secretary of Xizang
1980–1985 		Succeeded by
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