User:Y6f&tP4z/sandbox
FREE activism
[edit]In 1969, weeks before the Stonewall riots in New York City,[1][2][3] Koreen Phelps recruited local friends to join her outreach program sponsored by Minnesota Free University.[4] Robert Halfhill, a graduate student who attended her lecture, wanted more than "just a social organization". He left, determined to organize a team of gay activists[5] on the Minneapolis campus of the University of Minnesota.
Jack Baker,[6] a law student, was elected to serve as president.[7] Moving aggressively[8] and openly, FREE eventually transformed Minneapolis into a "mecca for gays",[9] with members soon endorsing McConnell's dream of same-sex marriage[10] and assisting activists "to gain visibility and legitimacy"[11] at the University of Kansas, Lawrence.
References
[edit]- ^ Salam, Maya (June 4, 2019). "50 Years Later, What We Forgot About Stonewall". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- ^ York, Mailing Address: 26 Wall Street Federal Hall National Monument c/o Stonewall National Monument New; Us, NY 10005 Phone: 212-668-2577 Contact. "Stonewall National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2019-06-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
birth of PRIDEwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Minnesota Free University: 529 Cedar Avenue, in the Cedar Riverside Neighborhood of Minneapolis, separate from but near the University of Minnesota's expanding campus on the West Bank of the Mississippi.
- New course: K. A. Phelps ["Koreen" Phelps], "The Homosexual Revolution", Bulletin No. 5 (May 18, 1969).
- Group title: "Fight Repression of Erotic Expression"
- Source: McConnell Files, Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies, University of Minnesota Libraries
- ^ "Halfhill steered the group through the administrative channels needed to establish FREE as a student group".
- Source: Bruce Johasen, "Out of Silence", Minnesota History, page 189 (Spring 2019).
- ^ As a student body president, elected 1971 and re-elected 1972, he was known by different names.
- March 10, 1942: Richard John Baker, Certificate of Birth;
- September 1, 1969: Jack Baker, name adopted to lead activists demanding gay equality;
- August 3, 1971: Pat Lyn McConnell, married name; by Decree of Adoption;
- Sources: McConnell Files, "Full Equality, a diary", (volumes 6a–b), Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies, University of Minnesota Libraries.
- ^ Neal R. Peirce, "The Great Plains States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Nine Great Plains States", George J. McLeod (1973), 145. Available online, accessed February 7, 2014
- ^ "[I was] really upset with Jack. . . . the right to get married was just a publicity stunt. I was really angry about that and felt that Jack was an opportunist and really in it for himself . . . with Jack being this sort of benevolent dictator."
- Source: "Interview with Koreen Phelps (1993-11-05)". By Scott Paulsen, "Twin Cities Gay and Lesbian Community Oral History Project", Minnesota Historical Society (page 14).
- ^ Lily Hansen, GAY, "F.R.E.E. At Last" (May 11, 1970), 13.
- See also, the Introduction by Ken Bronson, "A Quest for Full Equality" (2004). Available online from University of Minnesota Libraries
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
weddingwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Katherine Rose-Mockry, "Liberating Lawrence", University Press of Kansas (2024), 158-159, 100 (fig.)