User:Richard blane/Temple of Seti I (Abydos)
The Temple of Seti I, also know as the Great Temple of Abydos, is a significant historical site in Abydos. Initially, construction started in the 13th century BC by the 19th Dynasty Pharaoh Seti I, also know as Sethos, was completed by his son Ramesses II.[1]
The Temple was designed in an "L" shaped design constructed of limestone and sandstone. Consisting many features, including the first and second courts that house hypostyle halls, chapels to Seti I and various gods, and the Osireion.[2] The South wing consists of the Gallery of the Kings, which leads to a slaughter court and four secondary rooms, which continue into the Corridor of Bulls with a stairway that exits into storage rooms, and the Hall of Barques.[3]
The temple is also notable for the Abydos graffiti, ancient Phoenician and Aramaic graffiti found on the temple walls. The Temple additionally contains graffito from; the 21st dynasty till the Roman period then from Later periods ranging from Aramaic, Phoenician, Carian, Greek and Cypriot.[4]
Research and preservation
[edit]The temple was described by pioneer archaeologist Flinders Petrie. The temple was documented in 1933 in a four-volume series entitled The Temple of King Sethos I at Abydos. The books were largely devoted to the exceptional copies of the temple's wall paintings done by Ms. Amice Calverley.
Features
[edit]Abydos King List
[edit]The long list of the pharaohs of the principal dynasties—recognized by Seti—are carved on a wall and known as the "Abydos King List". There were significant names deliberately left off of the list. As an almost complete list of pharaoh names, the Table of Abydos, rediscovered by William John Bankes, has been called the "Rosetta Stone" of Egyptian archaeology, analogous to the Rosetta Stone for Egyptian writing, beyond the Narmer Palette.[5]
Helicopter hieroglyphs
[edit]
The "helicopter" image is the result of carved stone being re-used over time. The initial carving was made during the reign of Seti I and translates to "He who repulses the nine [enemies of Egypt]". This carving was later filled in with plaster and re-carved during the reign of Ramesses II with the title "He who protects Egypt and overthrows the foreign countries". Over time, the plaster has eroded away, leaving both inscriptions partially visible and creating a palimpsest-like effect of overlapping hieroglyphs.[6][7]
References
[edit]- ^ David, A. Rosalie (1981). A guide to religious ritual at Abydos. Egyptology series. Warminster, Wilts., England: Aris & Phillips. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-85668-060-1.
- ^ Calverley, Amice M., Myrtle F. Broome. The Temple of King Sethos I at Abydos: The Chapels of Osiris, Isis and Horus. Edited by Alan H. Gardiner. Vol. 1. London: Egypt Exploration Society (Archaeological Survey); Chicago: Oriental Institute University of Chicago,1933. xii
- ^ Brand, Peter J., and Wolfgang Schenkel. The Monuments of Seti I: Epigraphic, Historical, and Art Historical Analysis. Leiden: Brill, 2000. 161
- ^ Bard, Kathryn A., and Steven Blake Shubert, eds. 1999. "Abydos, Osiris Temple of Seti I" Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London: Routledge. 114
- ^ Misty Cryer, "Travellers in Egypt – William John Bankes" (2006), TravellersinEgypt.org, web: TravEgypt-WJB Archived 2006-08-30 at the Wayback Machine: re-discovered Table of Abydos.
- ^ "The Abydos temple "helicopter"". Archived from the original on July 28, 2005.
- ^ "Helicopter Hieroglyphs Explained". raincool.blogspot.nl. May 23, 2010.
26°11′06″N 31°55′09″E / 26.1851°N 31.9192°E
Landmarks of Abydos | ||
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| Temples |  | |
| Necropolises and tombs | ||
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