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2015 election

[edit]
2015 Guatemala City mayoral election

← 2011 6 September 2015 2019 →
 
Candidate Álvaro Arzú Luis Enrique Cruz Antonio Coro
Party Unionist VIVA LIDER
Alliance CREO
Popular vote 269,161 95,036 58,142
Percentage 56.09% 19.80% 12.12%

Mayor before election

Álvaro Arzú
Unionist

Elected Mayor

Álvaro Arzú
Unionist

CandidatePartyVotes%
Álvaro ArzúUnionist PartyCommitment, Renewal and Order269,16156.09
Luis Enrique CruzVision with Values95,03619.80
Antonio CoroRenewed Democratic Liberty58,14212.12
Roberto PirriNational Convergence Front17,9073.73
Noé RiveraTodos13,5102.82
Saúl Ernesto RojasGuatemalan National Revolutionary Unity11,3752.37
Juan Francisco MoralesNational Change Union7,4471.55
Anabella de LeónPatriotic Party4,6340.97
Marcial GilHeart New Nation2,6790.56
Total479,891100.00
Valid votes479,89197.07
Invalid/blank votes14,5032.93
Total votes494,394100.00
Source: TSE

2011 election

[edit]
2011 Guatemala City mayoral election

← 2007 11 September 2011 2015 →
 
Candidate Álvaro Arzú Roberto González Alejandro Sinibaldi
Party Unionist CREO PP
Popular vote 180,198 145,340 127,451
Percentage 36.72% 29.62% 25.97%

Mayor before election

Álvaro Arzú
Unionist

Elected Mayor

Álvaro Arzú
Unionist

CandidatePartyVotes%
Álvaro ArzúUnionist Party180,19836.72
Roberto GonzálezCommitment, Renewal and Order145,34029.62
Alejandro SinibaldiPatriotic Party127,45125.97
VacantNational Unity of Hope10,7762.20
Enrique GodoyIndependent10,1722.07
José BallesterosNational Change Union7,8001.59
José Ángel Lee DuarteIndependent6,0071.22
Harold Ortíz PérezVictory2,1750.44
Hugo Adolfo OrellanaNational Convergence Front7860.16
Total490,705100.00
Valid votes490,70595.19
Invalid/blank votes24,8124.81
Total votes515,517100.00
Source: TSE

2007 election

[edit]
2007 Guatemala City mayoral election

← 2003 9 September 2007 2011 →
 
Candidate Álvaro Arzú Roberto González
Party Unionist GANA
Popular vote 220,325 118,364
Percentage 55.55% 29.84%

Mayor before election

Álvaro Arzú
Unionist

Elected Mayor

Álvaro Arzú
Unionist

CandidatePartyVotes%
Álvaro ArzúUnionist Party220,32555.55
Roberto GonzálezGrand National Alliance118,36429.84
José Ángel Lee DuarteIndependent15,7183.96
Ricardo Méndez RuizGuatemalan Republican Front12,2673.09
Raúl Romero SeguraSocial Action Centre10,4852.64
Jorge Mario GarcíaNational Advancement Party6,7221.69
Brenda GramajoAuthentic Integral Development5,4011.36
Marcos RecinosNew Nation Alternative2,7450.69
Frank FritzscheGuatemalan Christian Democracy2,4790.63
Adolfo GuerraNational Change Union2,1090.53
Total396,615100.00
Valid votes396,61595.64
Invalid/blank votes18,0624.36
Total votes414,677100.00
Source: TSE

2003 election

[edit]
2003 Guatemala City mayoral election

← 1999 9 November 2003 2007 →
 
Candidate Álvaro Arzú Jorge Briz Luis Rabbé
Party Unionist GANA FRG
Popular vote 141,840 98,821 72,659
Percentage 34.35% 23.93% 17.60%

Mayor before election

Enrique Godoy
PAN

Elected Mayor

Álvaro Arzú
Unionist

CandidatePartyVotes%
Álvaro ArzúUnionist Party141,84034.35
Jorge BrizGrand National Alliance98,82123.93
Luis RabbéGuatemalan Republican Front72,65917.60
Alejandro GiammatteiGuatemalan Christian Democracy40,8439.89
Mauricio UrruelaNational Change Union26,7976.49
Elmar René RojasNational Unity of Hope24,7706.00
Ramón Cadena RamilaGuatemalan National Revolutionary Unity4,6361.12
Sergio Aníbal LemusIndependent2,5270.61
Total412,893100.00
Valid votes412,89397.10
Invalid/blank votes12,3242.90
Total votes425,217100.00
Source: TSE

1999 election

[edit]
1999 Guatemala City mayoral election

← 1995 7 November 1999 2003 →
 
Candidate Fritz García Gallont Luis Rabbé
Party PAN FRG
Popular vote 175,709 144,477
Percentage 45.54% 37.45%

Mayor before election

Manuel Eduardo Castillo
PAN

Elected Mayor

Fritz García Gallont
PAN

CandidatePartyVotes%
Fritz García GallontNational Advancement Party175,70945.54
Luis RabbéGuatemalan Republican Front144,47737.45
Oscar Alberto RecinosIndependent36,9399.57
Alejandro GiammatteiNational Union18,3034.74
Juan Antonio DíazProgressive Liberating Party4,8741.26
César Augusto BarrientosLOVUD2,3500.61
Raúl Francisco MolinaIndependent1,7990.47
José Guillermo GarcíaNational Centre Union1,3810.36
Total385,832100.00
Valid votes385,83296.90
Invalid/blank votes12,3243.10
Total votes398,156100.00
Source: TSE


1995 election

[edit]
1995 Guatemala City mayoral election

← 1990 12 November 1995 1999 →
 
Candidate Óscar Berger Oscar Alberto Recinos
Party PAN Independent
Popular vote 208,674 40,651
Percentage 70.93% 13.82%

Mayor before election

Óscar Berger
PAN

Elected Mayor

Óscar Berger
PAN

CandidatePartyVotes%
Óscar Berger PerdomoNational Advancement Party208,67470.93
Oscar Alberto RecinosIndependent40,65113.82
Rodolfo Azmitia JiménezDemocratic Front New Guatemala11,0473.76
José Ángel Lee DuarteIndependent10,3523.52
Rodolfo RosalesProgressive Liberating Party8,4612.88
Pablo Werner RamírezUCNDCGPSD4,5071.53
Carlos Enrique AguirreNational Historic Change3,4911.19
Walter Raúl RoblesDemocratic Union2,0560.70
José Gilberto GuirolaAuthentic Integral Development1,6840.57
José Miguel BarriosPopular Alliance 51,4000.48
Víctor Manuel de LeónIndependent1,0070.34
Bernabé Arturo BatresNational Liberation Movement8470.29
Total294,177100.00
Valid votes294,17795.47
Invalid/blank votes13,9544.53
Total votes308,131100.00
Source: TSE

1990 election

[edit]
1990 Guatemala City mayoral election

← 1985 11 November 1990 1995 →
 
Candidate Óscar Berger TBA TBA
Party PAN Independent Independent
Popular vote 125,837 101,853 85,620
Percentage 33.62% 27.21% 22.88%

Mayor before election

Álvaro Heredia Silva
PAN

Elected Mayor

Óscar Berger
PAN

CandidatePartyVotes%
Óscar Berger PerdomoNational Advancement Party125,83733.62
TBCIndependent101,85327.21
TBCIndependent85,62022.88
José María "Chemita" Ruiz FurlánIndependent29,0277.76
TBCNational Centre Union20,8125.56
TBCDemocratic Party of National Cooperation8,1272.17
TBCIndependent1,7190.46
TBCIndependent1,2760.34
Total374,271100.00
Source: TSE

1985 election

[edit]
1990 Guatemala City mayoral election

← 1985 11 November 1990 1995 →
 
Candidate Álvaro Arzú Oscar Clemente Marroquín
Party PAN PRGPCDN
Popular vote 160,017 83,578
Percentage 41.80% 21.83%

 
Candidate Elmar René Rojas José María "Chemita" Ruiz
Party DCG Independent
Popular vote 75,923 52,618
Percentage 19.83% 13.74%

Mayor before election

Arturo Saravia Vielman

Elected Mayor

Álvaro Arzú
PAN

CandidatePartyVotes%
Álvaro ArzúNational Advancement Party160,01741.80
Oscar Clemente MarroquínPRGPCDN83,57821.83
Elmar René RojasGuatemalan Christian Democracy75,92319.83
José María "Chemita" Ruiz FurlánIndependent52,61813.74
Hugo QuanIndependent6,3121.65
Edgar PonceIndependent4,3781.14
Total382,826100.00
Source: TSE

Shadow color parties

[edit]
  •   Valor
  •   UNE
  •   Cabal
  •   PC
  •   VOS
  •   Vamos
  •   Unionist
  •   Semilla
  •   CREO
  •   MLP
  •   Podemos

Declared

[edit]
Name Born Experience Party Announced Ref

Paavo Väyrynen
September 2, 1946 (age 78)
Kemin maalaiskunta, Lapland
Minister for Foreign Trade (2007–2011)
Minister of Foreign Affairs
(1977–1982, 1983–1987, 1991–1993)
Minister of Labour (1976–1977)
Minister of Education (1975–1976)
Seven Star Movement 3 May 2022 [1][2][3]

Mixco 2023

[edit]
PartyVotes%
Guatemalan People's Party54,92031.40
Semilla (Guatemala)18,24910.43
Blue Party (Guatemala)16,9389.68
Valor (political party)9,3425.34
Victory (political party)8,6014.92
Elephant Community8,0724.61
Nosotros (political party)7,3764.22
Vision with Values6,4933.71
Vamos (Guatemala)5,6943.26
Cambio (political party)5,3533.06
Will, Opportunity and Solidarity5,3073.03
Republican Union (Guatemala)3,2181.84
Cabal (political party)2,8791.65
Unionist Party (Guatemala)2,6841.53
National Advancement Party2,5911.48
Winaq2,4741.41
Bienestar Nacional2,3111.32
Humanist Party of Guatemala2,1011.20
National Unity of Hope2,0961.20
Todos (Guatemala)1,8551.06
Podemos (Guatemala)1,5600.89
My Family1,3280.76
Commitment, Renewal and Order1,3100.75
Movement for the Liberation of Peoples1,0050.57
National Convergence Front5300.30
National Integration Party (Guatemala)4140.24
Opportunities and Development Party2180.12
Total174,919100.00
Source: TSE

Quetzaltenango

[edit]
CandidateRunning matePartyVotes%
Zury RíosHéctor CifuentesValorUnionist19,5378.48
Sandra TorresRomeo GuerraNational Unity of Hope26,84811.66
Isaac FarchiMauricio ZaldañaBlue Party4,4781.94
Edmond MuletMáximo Santa CruzCabal17,1177.43
Ricardo SagastumeGuillermo GonzálezTodos5,3912.34
Manuel CondeLuis Antonio SuárezVamos24,91410.82
Rudio Lecsan MéridaRubén Darío RosalesHumanist Party1,7910.78
Rafael EspadaArturo HerradorRepublican Party1,6370.71
Luis Lam PadillaOtto MarroquínNational Integration Party4740.21
Amílcar RiveraFernando MazariegosVictory9,0693.94
Rudy GuzmánDiego GonzálezNosotros5,2012.26
Bernardo ArévaloKarin HerreraSemilla44,81919.46
Giulio TalamontiÓscar BarrientosRepublican Union2,1650.94
Hugo PeñaHugo JhonsonElephant Community9790.43
Amílcar PopMónica EnríquezWinaqURNG–MAIZ7,0153.05
Sammy MoralesMiguel Ángel MoirNational Convergence Front1,0100.44
Armando CastilloÉdgar GrisoliaVision with Values20,9539.10
Giovanni ReyesÓscar FigueroaBienestar Nacional6,4272.79
Manuel VillacortaJorge Mario GarcíaWill, Opportunity and Solidarity22,9479.96
Álvaro TrujilloMiguel Ángel IbarraChange5720.25
Francisco ArredondoFrancisco BermúdezCommitment, Renewal and Order2,1470.93
Julio RiveraJosé UrrutiaMy Family4,8132.09
Total230,304100.00

Inauguration of Bernardo Arévalo

[edit]
Inauguration of Bernardo Arévalo
Stage of the Great Room "Efraín Recinos" in 2015
Date14 January 2024
LocationCentro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemala City
ParticipantsBernardo Arévalo
52nd President of Guatemala
Assuming office

Karin Herrera
18th Vice President of Guatemala
Assuming office

TBA
President of the Congress of Guatemala
Administering oath
← 2020

The inauguration of Bernardo Arévalo as the 52nd president of Guatemala is scheduled to take place on 14 January 2024 at the Centro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturias. Karin Herrera, who was elected as the 18th Vice President of Guatemala, will also take the oath of office.[4][5] It will be the eighth presidential inauguration held in the Great Room "Efraín Recinos" of the Centro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturias.[5][6]

The inauguration will mark the end of the presidential transition of Bernardo Arévalo, who was elected for Semilla party in the 2023 Guatemalan general election in the runoff held on 20 August 2023. According to official results, he obtained 61% of the votes, a landslide victory.[7] Arévalo is the son of Juan José Arévalo, 24th president of Guatemala from 1945 to 1951, making him the first son of a former Guatemalan president to be elected president.[8]

Arévalo's presidential transition has been atypical in the history of Guatemala, as the Attorney General's Office has repeatedly initiated various and controversial legal proceedings against the Semilla party, its members and Arévalo himself, these actions have generated widespread condemnation both nationally and internationally, since they are considered to threaten the presidential inauguration.

Background

[edit]

The 2023 general election were a highly controversial electoral process, which was characterized by the exclusion of leading and anti-establishment candidates such as Carlos Pineda (who, according to polls, was poised to win the first round), Thelma Cabrera and Roberto Arzú. As well as the excessive judicialization of the electoral processes throughout the registration and campaign.[9] Although it was not the first election in which leading presidential candidates were disqualified, in 2019 general election, candidates Thelma Aldana from Semilla and Zury Ríos from Valor were unable to participate.[10] According to InSight Crime, the exclusion of candidates is one of many recent examples of the "presence of political mafias in the current Guatemalan government, which use control of the courts to eliminate their opponents".[11]

After Pineda's exclusion from the race, polls indicated that Edmond Mulet of Cabal was shaping up to go to the runoff with Sandra Torres of the National Unity of Hope.[9] But Mulet began to be the subject of investigations by the Attorney General's Office, led by Rafael Curruchiche, head of the Special Prosecutor's Office against Impunity, one of the closest collaborators of Attorney General María Consuelo Porras.[12][13] The results of the first round surprisingly showed that Bernardo Arévalo from Semilla had qualified to go to a second electoral round with Torres.[14]

Shortly after the first round of elections, several establishment political parties alleged alleged "electoral fraud"[15] and days later, the Attorney General's Office announced an alleged corruption case involving the Semilla party and requested that its legal personality be suspended. This case was also led by Curruchiche.[16] The headquarters of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal was raided several times, raids were also reported at the headquarters of the Semilla party.[17][18] The Constitutional Court issued a legal resolution protecting the runoff.[19] Arévalo won the elections with 61% of the votes. National Unity of Hope and Torres did not accept the electoral result and alleged electoral fraud.[20][21] Later, the Attorney General's Office carried out several raids at the headquarters of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, opening the boxes with the electoral ballots and seizing them. In one of the raids, the prosecutors were covered and mistreated the electoral magistrates.[22] Protests in favor of Arévalo also intensified following the Supreme Court of Justice upholding the party's suspension, his supporters called for a "national strike" and blocked dozens of roads throughout the country.[23]

The legal personality of the Semilla party was suspended in November 2023.[24][25] In mid-November, the Attorney General's office requested that the immunity of the President-elect Arévalo and the Vice President-elect Herrera be withdrawn for allegedly participating in the takeover of the facilities of the state university, the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, which occurred between April 2022 to June 2023. University professors and students, as well as members of the Semilla party, were also captured.[26][27] At the same time, an investigation was initiated against officials of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (including electoral magistrates) for alleged anomalies in the purchase of the computer system for the transmission of preliminary results and requested the withdrawal of immunity.[28] The Supreme Court of Justice approved the process and passed it to Congress.[29] However, the president of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal Blanca Alfaro and the substitute magistrates presented a legal appeal before the Constitutional Court to avoid the loss of their immunity. The Court accepted the appeal and stopped the procedure, while it rejected another similar legal resource presented by the another four titular magistrates.[30] A legal process was also initiated against Vice President Guillermo Castillo, who has been estranged from President Alejandro Giammattei since 2020.[31] The chairs of the legislative investigative commissions of the electoral magistrates and Vice President Castillo publicly denounced threats to expedite the procedure so that the plenary session can vote to withdraw the immunity of those investigated.[32][33] Late at night on 27 November, Congress lifted the immunity of the four titular magistrates by a qualified majority of the pro-government coalition.[34] Hours later, the four magistrates left the country after having requested a "leave".[35]

On 8 December, the Attorney General's Office presented another advance in the case of the Semilla party and once again requested the removal of immunity from Arévalo and member of Congress Samuel Pérez Álvarez.[36] Furthermore, the Attorney General's Office openly said that the Supreme Electoral Tribunal had made administrative errors during the organization of the electoral results and therefore, the electoral process was "null", and that it should be "annulled", thus confirming the intention to subvert the election results, although they denied it.[37][38]

International reactions

[edit]

The United States has been using the "Engel List" to sanction actors they consider key to undermining democracy. On the other hand, they sanctioned Miguel Martínez, a close ally of President Giammattei, with the Magnitsky Act.[39] In addition, several US officials and politicians have made ongoing visits to monitor the transition process. On 8 December, at the time that the Attorney General's Office requested that the electoral process be "annulled", a bicameral Democratic group made up of Tim Kaine, Dick Durbin, Jeff Merkley, Laphonza Butler, Peter Welch, Norma Torres and Delia Ramirez was arriving in the country.[40] Republican Senator Bill Cassidy also condemned the events in Guatemala.[41]

The Organization of American States has been monitoring the situation continuously. Secretary General Luis Almagro made continuous visits to the country to supervise the transition process, he also established a mission made up of the former Minister of Defense of Uruguay Luis Rosadilla, the OAS ambassador in Guatemala Diego Paz, the diplomat Liliana Ayalde and the former Vice President of Panama Isabel Saint Malo.[42][43] The ambassadors to the OAS, Josué Fiallo and Washington Abdala, from the Dominican Republic and Uruguay respectively, gained national notoriety for their passionate interventions in favor of democracy.[44] While Almagro has been particularly critical of the attorney general's actions and has described them as a "coup d'état".[45][46]

The United Kingdom and the European Union condemned the actions of the Attorney General's office. The European Union announced that personal sanctions will be imposed on those responsible for "undermining" democracy.[47][48] The United Nations also joined the condemnations.[49]

Presidential transition

[edit]

Process preparation

[edit]

The transition began to be planned in January 2023 at the instruction of President Alejandro Giammattei.[50]

The process consists of four phases:[50]

  • Planning: from February to April of the same year, activities were carried out for the government transition, policy evaluation, and multi-year planning workshops, with the objective of communicating guidelines to various entities.
  • Draft transition reports: From May to June, the first institutional folders were formed to organize all government information.
  • Meetings with sectors and second draft: from July to September, the first meetings are held with the cabinet or the president-elect's team and a second draft of the transition roadmap is made.
  • Review, roadmap and final report: from October 2023 to January 2024, where the final adjustment is made and the procedure is concluded.

Arévalo transition process

[edit]

On the night of the runoff, President Alejandro Giammattei congratulated Arévalo on his victory and invited him to the Presidential House to begin the presidential transition process. It was announced that the Organization of American States would be part of the transition process.[51]

The first meeting between the outgoing president Giammattei and the president-elect Arévalo took place on 4 September at the Presidential House; the Secretary General of the OAS Luis Almagro was also present. At the meeting, Arévalo announced that he suggested modifications to the proposed timeline of the transition process. Giammattei also announced that at Almagro's suggestion, offices would be set up in all government institutions so that the president-elect's team could participate in the activities. President Giammattei chairs the transition committee, while President-elect Arévalo appointed Vice President-elect Karin Herrera as the chairwoman of the presidential transition committee. Outgoing Vice President Guillermo Castillo opted for a separate transition process and invited Vice President-elect Herrera to a series of scheduled meetings with the various cabinets in his charge.[52]

On 11 September, a second meeting was held between Arévalo and Giammattei, with Almagro again present. This time, the meeting was held at the National Palace. Giammattei delivered the information from each government institution to the president-elect's team.[53]

On 6 December, the final report of the presidential transition process was delivered. This time, Vice President-elect Herrera represented the incoming government, and President Giammattei presented her with the final documents. Secretary General Almagro was present. At the event, Giammattei reiterated that he would hand over power to the elected ticket, while Herrera asked Giammattei to "take into account" the requests of the elected government. On the other hand, Almagro criticized the Attorney General's office and asked that the "cannibalization of politics".[54]

Arévalo's wife, Lucrecia Peinado, began meetings with various groups to learn about their demands. She also met with former first ladies Raquel Blandón, María Eugenia Morales and Evelyn Morataya.[55]

Arévalo's inaugural ceremony

[edit]

Planning and preparations

[edit]

The commission in charge of the presidential inauguration began sending the first invitations to participate in the ceremony. It was unofficially known that the ceremony will take place in the Great Room "Efraín Recinos" of the Centro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturias. At least 28 heads of state were invited.[4] A web platform was enabled so that the media can accredit the journalists designated to cover the ceremony. In December, the first confirmations from the attending delegations began to arrive.[5]

Ceremony

[edit]

The ceremony will begin after the 10th Legislature of the Congress of the Republic has sworn in and elected its president. The new president of Congress will swear in the president-elect Arévalo and the vice president-elect Herrera. At night, President Arévalo will swear in his cabinet.[4]

One day later, on 15 January, President Arévalo will be presented to the Armed Forces of Guatemala as their new Commander-in-chief.

Notable international guests

[edit]

The President of El Salvador Nayib Bukele was invited, however, he has been absent from his presidential duties since December 2023, as he did not participate in the inauguration of Javier Milei of Argentina.[4]

List of international presidential trips made by Bernardo Arévalo

[edit]

This is a list of international presidential trips made by Bernardo Arévalo, the 52th and current president of Guatemala since 15 January 2024. According to the country's Constitution, during President Arévalo's absence, Vice President Karin Herrera served as acting president.

The number of visits per country where he traveled are:

2024

[edit]
# Country Areas visited Dates Details Image
1  Germany Munich February 15–19
 France Paris February 19–20
 Belgium Brussels February 20–21
  Switzerland Lausanne February 21
 Spain Madrid February 22–23
2  United States Washington, D.C. March 24–27
3  Mexico Tapachula, Chiapas May 17
4  United States New York City June 3–4
5  Dominican Republic Santiago de los Caballeros;
Punta Cana
August 14–17
6  United States New York City September 22–26
7  Mexico Mexico City September 30–October 2

Cancelled trips

[edit]
Country Dates Details Replaced by
 El Salvador June 1 Foreign Minister Carlos Ramiro Martínez
  Switzerland June 14–21
 Latvia
 Vatican
 Panama July 1 Vice President Karin Herrera

Refs

[edit]
  1. ^ "Paavo Väyrynen pyrkii presidentiksi 2024". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  2. ^ "Paavo Väyrynen tähtää vuoden 2024 presidentinvaaleihin". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  3. ^ "1988, 1994, 2012, 2018, 2024 - Paavo Väyrynen pyrkii jälleen presidentiksi". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Al menos 28 jefes de Estado serán invitados a la toma de posesión de Bernardo Arévalo y Karin Herrera". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 24 November 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  5. ^ a b c "Cancillería recibe primeras confirmaciones para ceremonia de cambio de mando". La Hora (in Spanish). 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  6. ^ "La transmisión de mando presidencial en la historia". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 13 January 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  7. ^ "Progressive Arévalo is 'virtual winner' of Guatemala election after corruption angered voters". AP News. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  8. ^ "Juan José y Bernardo Arévalo, primeros padre e hijo en ser Presidentes de Guatemala". www.soy502.com (in Spanish). 22 August 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  9. ^ a b "Las elecciones de la rabia silenciosa: Guatemala vota por el menor de los males". El País (in Spanish). 24 June 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  10. ^ "Guatemala: elección sin candidatas". Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). 13 June 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  11. ^ "Élites de Guatemala se fortalecen tras eliminar al principal candidato presidencial". InSight Crime (in Spanish). 26 May 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  12. ^ "MP pide que le retiren la inmunidad a Edmond Mulet por criticar persecución penal contra periodistas". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 20 March 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  13. ^ "FECI no se queda solo con antejuicio: denuncia a Mulet en el TSE". La Hora (in Spanish). 21 March 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  14. ^ González Díaz, Marcos (26 June 2023). "Quiénes son Sandra Torres y Bernardo Arévalo, la eterna candidata y el aspirante sorpresa que se disputarán la presidencia de Guatemala". BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  15. ^ "Guatemala's high court steps into election, suspends release of official results". AP. 2 July 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  16. ^ "Juzgado ordena la suspensión de la personalidad jurídica del Movimiento Semilla". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 12 July 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  17. ^ Gramajo, Sonia (20 July 2023). "Guatemala contender decries police raid on party HQ before crucial runoff". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  18. ^ "El Tribunal Electoral de Guatemala denuncia un atropello de un sector judicial y pide protección constitucional". El País (in Spanish). 21 July 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  19. ^ "Guatemala court permanently blocks suspension of Seed Movement party ahead of Sunday's election". AP News. 19 August 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  20. ^ "UNE de Sandra Torres denuncia fraude electoral en Guatemala". Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  21. ^ "La UNE sigue sin aceptar resultados de elecciones y señala "ilegalidad" en su oficialización". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  22. ^ "Raids of Guatemala's Electoral Body Lead to Protests and Restrictions from U.S." Latin Times. 2 October 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  23. ^ "Guatemala's top court upholds suspension of president-elect's party. His supporters block roads". AP News. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  24. ^ "Guatemala electoral authorities suspend President-elect Bernardo Arévalo's party". Associated Press. 2 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  25. ^ Miranda, Wilfredo (3 November 2023). "Guatemala electoral authorities suspend president-elect Bernardo Arévalo's Seed Movement". El Pais. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
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