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ܩܛܝܣܦܘܢ

Origin of zhuyin symbols
Consonants
Zhuyin Origin IPA Pinyin WG Example
From , the ancient form and current top portion of bāo p b p 八 (ㄅㄚ, bā)
From , the combining form of p p' 杷 (ㄆㄚˊ, pá)
From , the archaic character and current radical m m m 馬 (ㄇㄚˇ, mǎ)
From fāng f f f 法 (ㄈㄚˇ, fǎ)
From the archaic form of dāo. Compare the bamboo form . t d t 地 (ㄉㄧˋ, dì)
From the upside-down seen at the top of t t' 提 (ㄊㄧˊ, tí)
From /𠄎, ancient form of nǎi n n n 你 (ㄋㄧˇ, nǐ)
From the archaic form of l l l 利 (ㄌㄧˋ, lì)
From the obsolete character guì/kuài" 'river' k g k 告 (ㄍㄠˋ, gào)
From the archaic character kǎo k k' 考 (ㄎㄠˇ, kǎo)
From the archaic character and current radical hàn x h h 好 (ㄏㄠˇ, hǎo)
From the archaic character jiū j ch 叫 (ㄐㄧㄠˋ, jiào)
From the archaic character quǎn, graphic root of the character chuān (modern ) tɕʰ q ch' 巧 (ㄑㄧㄠˇ, qiǎo)
From , an ancient form of xià. ɕ x hs 小 (ㄒㄧㄠˇ, xiǎo)
From /, archaic form of zhī. ʈʂ zh ch 主 (ㄓㄨˇ, zhǔ)
From the character and radical chì ʈʂʰ ch ch' 出 (ㄔㄨ, chū)
From the character shī ʂ sh sh 束 (ㄕㄨˋ, shù)
Modified from the seal script form of ʐ r j 入 (ㄖㄨˋ, rù)
From the archaic character and current radical jié, dialectically zié ts z ts 在 (ㄗㄞˋ, zài)
Variant of , dialectically ciī. Compare semi-cursive form and seal-script . tsʰ c ts' 才 (ㄘㄞˊ, cái)
From the archaic character sī, which was later replaced by its compound sī. s s s 塞 (ㄙㄞ, sāi)
Rhymes & Medials
Zhuyin Origin IPA Pinyin WG Example
From a a a 大 (ㄉㄚˋ, dà)
From the obsolete character 𠀀 hē, inhalation, the reverse of kǎo, which is preserved as a phonetic in the compound kě.[1] ɔ o o 多 (ㄉㄨㄛ, duō)
Derived from its allophone in Standard Chinese, o ɤ e o/ê 得 (ㄉㄜˊ, dé)
From yě. Compare the Warring States bamboo form ɛ ê eh 爹 (ㄉㄧㄝ, diē)
From 𠀅 hài, bronze form of . ai ai 晒 (ㄕㄞˋ, shài)
From yí, an obsolete character meaning "to move". ei ei 誰 (ㄕㄟˊ, shéi)
From yāo ɑʊ ao ao 少 (ㄕㄠˇ, shǎo)
From yòu ou ou 收 (ㄕㄡ, shōu)
From the obsolete character hàn "to bloom", preserved as a phonetic in the compound fàn an an an 山 (ㄕㄢ, shān)
From yǐn ən en ên 申 (ㄕㄣ, shēn)
From wāng ɑŋ ang ang 上 (ㄕㄤˋ, shàng)
From , an obsolete form of gōng ɤŋ eng êng 生 (ㄕㄥ, shēng)
From , the bottom portion of ér used as a cursive form əɻ er êrh 而 (ㄦˊ, ér)
From i i/y i 逆 (ㄋㄧˋ, nì)
From , ancient form of wǔ. u u/w u/w 努 (ㄋㄨˇ, nǔ)
From the ancient character qū, which remains as a radical y ü/yu/u ü/yü 女 (ㄋㄩˇ, nǚ)
Perhaps , in addition to . It is the minimal vowel of , , , , , , . ɨ -i ih/û 資 (ㄗ, zī)

比較

[edit]
注音比較
聲母
注音 字源 國際音標 漢語拼音 威妥瑪拼音 例子(注音,漢語拼音)
包,說文解字:「勹,裹也,像人曲行,有所包裹」取其聲 p b p 八 (ㄅㄚ, bā)
扑,說文解字:「攵,小擊也。即手執竿輕敲」取其聲 p p' 杷 (ㄆㄚˊ, pá)
冪,遮蔽覆蓋之意,取其聲 m m m 馬 (ㄇㄚˇ, mǎ)
匚,說文解字:「匚,受物之器。」,古代盛器,取其聲 f f f 法 (ㄈㄚˇ, fǎ)
刀字異體,取其聲 t d t 地 (ㄉㄧˋ, dì)
同突(凸),取其聲 t t' 提 (ㄊㄧˊ, tí)
乃字變體,取其聲 n n n 你 (ㄋㄧˇ, nǐ)
力字變體,取其聲 l l l 利 (ㄌㄧˋ, lì)
澮,說文解字:「巜,水流澮澮也。」田間水道,取其聲 k g k 告 (ㄍㄠˋ, gào)
考,說文:「丂,氣欲舒出,𠃑上礙於一也。」取其聲 k k' 考 (ㄎㄠˇ, kǎo)
-{厂}-(非「-{廠}-」之簡化),部首名,說文:「山石之厓巖,人可居」 x h h 好 (ㄏㄠˇ, hǎo)
糾,說文:「丩,相糾繚也。」取其聲 ʨ j ch 叫 (ㄐㄧㄠˋ, jiào)
ㄑ,田間水道,取其聲 ʨʰ q ch' 巧 (ㄑㄧㄠˇ, qiǎo)
下之古字,取其聲 ɕ x hs 小 (ㄒㄧㄠˇ, xiǎo)
「之」的古字,取其聲 ʈʂ zhi /zh chih /ch 主 (ㄓㄨˇ, zhǔ)
正字通:「左步為彳,右步為亍,合彳亍為行。」取其聲 ʈʂʰ chi /ch ch'ih /ch' 出 (ㄔㄨ, chū)
-{尸}-之古字,取其聲 ʂ shi /sh shih /sh 束 (ㄕㄨˋ, shù)
日之象形古字 ɻ ri /r jih /j 入 (ㄖㄨˋ, rù)
節之古字,取其聲(讀尖音 ʦ zi /z tzû /ts 在 (ㄗㄞˋ, zài)
七之古字,取其聲(讀尖音 ʦʰ ci /c tz'û /ts' 才 (ㄘㄞˊ, cái)
私之古字,取其聲 s si /s ssû /s 塞 (ㄙㄞ, sāi)
韻尾
注音 字源 國際音標 漢語拼音 威妥瑪拼音 例子(注音,漢語拼音)
中古漢字,指上端分出的东西,取其韻 ä a a 大 (ㄉㄚˋ, dà)
近似呵,取其韻 ǫ /ɔ o o 多 (ㄉㄨㄛ, duō)
「ㄛ」之轉化,由「ㄛ」添筆而成,為後來新加 ɤ e e 得 (ㄉㄜˊ, dé)
也之變體 ɛ ê eh 爹 (ㄉㄧㄝ, diē)
亥之變體,取其韻 ai ai 晒 (ㄕㄞˋ, shài)
說文:「同戾也,从反丿,讀與弗同」取其韻 ei ei 誰 (ㄕㄟˊ, shéi)
說文:「幺,小也」,取其韻 ɑʊ ao ao 少 (ㄕㄠˇ, shǎo)
今字又,右手之象形古字,取其韻 ou ou 收 (ㄕㄡ, shōu)
說文:「ㄢ,艸木之華未發圅然。」 an an an 山 (ㄕㄢ, shān)
今字隱 ən en en 申 (ㄕㄣ, shēn)
本字尪,音wāng,骨胳弯曲不正 ɑŋ ang ang 上 (ㄕㄤˋ, shàng)
同肱,音gōng,上臂也, ɤŋ eng eng 生 (ㄕㄥ, shēng)
兒,孩童 əɻ er erh 而 (ㄦˊ, ér)
源自「一」字 i yi /i i 逆 (ㄋㄧˋ, nì)
in yin /in in 音 (ㄧㄣ, yīn)
ying /ing ing 英 (ㄧㄥ, yīng)
「五」之古字 u wu /u wu /u 努 (ㄋㄨˇ, nǔ)
uən wen /un wen /un 文 (ㄨㄣˊ, wén)
uɤŋ/ʊŋ weng /ong weng /ung 翁 (ㄨㄥ, wēng)
說文:「凵(音qū)盧,飯器,以柳爲之。象形。」。 y yu /u/ ü yü /ü 女 (ㄋㄩˇ, nǚ)
yn yun /un yün /ün 韻 (ㄩㄣˋ, yùn)
yʊŋ yong /iong yung /iung 永 (ㄩㄥˇ, yǒng)
Hiragana base characters
a i u e o
K
S
T
N
H
M
Y
R
W
(n)
Functional marks
and diacritics


ܬܪܥܣܪ ܫܠܝܚܐ

ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ

ܟܗܢܐ

ܡܫܡܫܢܐ


Seven Heavens in Islam

[edit]

according to Shi'ite sources, A Hadith from Ali mentioned the name of Seven Heavens as below:[2]

  1. Rafi' (رفیع) the least heaven (سماء الدنیا)
  1. Qaydum (قیدوم)
  1. Marum (ماروم)
  1. Arfalun (أرفلون‏)
  1. Hay'oun (هيعون‏)
  1. Arous (عروس)
  1. Ajma' (عجماء)


Ashkenazi Jews
(יהודי אשכנז Y'hude Ashk'naz in Biblical Hebrew; Y'hudey Ashknoz in Ashkenazi Hebrew)
Representatives of Yiddish
Moses Isserles Vilna Gaon Sholem Aleichem
Representatives of German
Heinrich Heine Sigmund Freud Theodore Herzl Gustav Mahler Albert Einstein Emmy Noether Lise Meitner Franz Kafka Karl Marx
Representatives of other languages
Golda Meir Leonard Bernstein Anne Frank
Regions with significant populations
United States United States of America5–6 million[3]
Israel State of Israel2.8–4 million[3][4]
Languages
Historical: Yiddish, German


  1. ^ "Unihan data for U+ 20000".
  2. ^ Al-Burhan fi Tafsir Al-Qur'an V.5 P.415
  3. ^ a b Gabriel E. Feldman, "Do Ashkenazi Jews have a Higher than expected Cancer Burden?" (PDF). (650 KB) , Israel Medical Association Journal, Volume 3, 2001.
  4. ^ "Ashkenazi Jews", Hebrew University of Jerusalem website. Retrieved November 10, 2009.