Consonants
|
IPA |
Examples |
English approximation
|
WL |
EL
|
b
|
(WL) biott, dubbi, (EL) biót, döbe
|
bud
|
d
|
(WL) lader, drizz, (EL) làder, drécc
|
day
|
dz
|
z
|
(WL) mezzaluna, ruzzà, mezz metter, (EL) mezalüna, rözà, mès méter[1]
|
cods or Zoey
|
dʒ
|
z
|
(WL) gent, giovin, (EL) zét, zùen[1]
|
Joey or Zoey
|
dʒ
|
(WL) veggia, (EL) ègia[1]
|
Joey
|
j
|
(WL) lecc grand, (EL) lècc grant[1]
|
Joey or joy
|
f
|
(WL) boffà, oeuv, (EL) bofà, öf[1]
|
fade
|
ɡ
|
(WL) gatt, bagaj, (EL) gat, bagài
|
good
|
k
|
(WL) can, marches, foeugh, (EL) cà, marchés, föch[1]
|
sky
|
l
|
l
|
lacc, (WL) ballon, (EL) balù
|
letter
|
r
|
l
|
caròtola, (WL) vioeula, (EL) viöla
|
trilled r or letter
|
∅
|
(WL) pedrioeu, (EL) pedriöl
|
silent or letter
|
m
|
m
|
(WL) mes'cià, (EL) mes-cià
|
maid
|
∅[2]
|
(WL) campion, (EL) campiù[3]
|
ɱ
|
banfà, convegnì
|
comfortable
|
n
|
n
|
nòcc, (WL) danee, (EL) danér
|
den
|
∅[2]
|
cantà, sentì[3]
|
ŋ
|
(WL) vanga, manchi, (EL) ànga, mànche[3]
|
long
|
ɲ
|
(WL) asen, (EL) àzegn
|
opinion
|
ɲ
|
(WL) gnucca, legn, (EL) gnöca, lègn
|
p
|
(WL) piasè, goeubb, (EL) piasér, gòp[1]
|
spite
|
r
|
(WL) roeuda, porscell, corr, (EL) röda, porsèl, cór
|
trilled r
|
ʃ
|
ʃ
|
(WL) scenna, (EL) scéna[4]
|
shame
|
s[5]
|
h[6]
|
(WL) pesciada, scigolla, pesg, (EL) pesàda, sigóla, pès[1]
|
shame, same or ham
|
ʃ
|
s
|
costà, (WL) scova, (EL) scùa
|
s
|
(WL) pressident, sora, dis, (EL) presidènt, sùra, dés[1]
|
same or ham
|
ts
|
s
|
(WL) zuccher, lenzoeu, cazzoeula, mezz, dersett, (EL) söcher, lensöl, casöla, mès, dersèt[1]
|
pets, same or ham
|
tʃ
|
(WL) cinch, cent, (EL) sich, sènt
|
chain, same or ham
|
tʃ
|
(WL) mas'c, vegg, ciocca, (EL) mascc, ècc, ciòca[1]
|
chain
|
j
|
(WL) tucc trii, (EL) töcc tré[1]
|
chain or joy
|
t
|
(WL) todesch, giald, (EL) todèsch, zalt[1]
|
stay
|
ʋ
|
ʋ
|
(WL) violin, el vent, (EL) viulì, ol vènt[1]
|
between wet and vet
|
∅
|
(WL) cavej, on pò de vent, (EL) caèi, en pó de ènt
|
between wet and vet or silent
|
z
|
(WL) basell, camisa, (EL) bazèl, camìza[1]
|
Zoey
|
ʒ
|
z
|
desmentegà, (WL) baslòtt, s'gionf, (EL) baslòt, sgiónf
|
vision or Zoey
|
dʒ
|
z
|
(WL) resgiô, (EL) regiùr/rezùr[1]
|
vision, Joey or Zoey
|
Non-native consonants
|
ʎ
|
(WL) botteglia, (EL) butìglia
|
million
|
|
Semivowels
|
IPA |
Examples |
English approximation
|
WL |
EL
|
j
|
j
|
(WL) piatt, tajà, mej, (EL) piàt, taià, mèi
|
yes
|
j
|
tʃ[6]
|
(WL) lezion, (EL) lesiù
|
yes or chain
|
w
|
w
|
(WL) aqua, sguerc, (EL) àqua, sguèrs
|
way
|
o
|
(WL) s'ciao, (EL) s-ciào
|
now
|
|
Suprasegmentals
|
IPA |
Examples |
Explanation
|
ˈ
|
(WL) insemma [ĩˈsɛma], (EL) ensèma [ɛnˈsɛma]
|
primary stress
|
ˌ
|
(WL) tirabuscion [ˌti(ː)rabyˈʃũː], (EL) tirabosù [ˌtiraboˈsu]
|
secondary stress
|
.
|
(WL) sciador [ʃi.aˈduːr], (EL) sciadùr [ʃi.aˈdur]
|
syllable break
|
ː
|
(WL) tròpp dolz [ˌtrɔ‿ˈdːul(t)s], (EL) tròp dóls [ˌtrɔ‿ˈdːols][5]
|
geminated consonant
|
|
Vowels[7]
|
IPA |
Examples |
English approximation
|
WL |
EL
|
Short vowels
|
a
|
abità, (WL) mamma, (EL) mama
|
manner (Scotland)
|
a
|
ɔ
|
(WL) mamma, Bressa, (EL) mama, Brèsa
|
manner (Scotland) or cot
|
a
|
u
|
o
|
(WL) scaldà, (EL) scoldà
|
manner (Scotland), cool or law (RP), but shorter
|
ɛ
|
ɛ
|
(WL) regn, adess, (EL) règn, adès
|
bed
|
e
|
(WL) invern, metter, (EL) envéren, méter
|
bed or bay
|
i
|
(WL) savè, domènega, (EL) saì, dümìnica
|
bed or beet, but shorter
|
e
|
(WL) cortellin, (EL) curtilì
|
bay or beet, but shorter
|
e
|
ɛ
|
elencà, pelà
|
bay
|
a
|
e
|
perchè, (WL) semper, (EL) sèmper
|
manner (Scotland) or bay
|
i
|
(WL) elettrega, vedemm, besògn, (EL) elètrega, edóm, bezògn
|
beet, but shorter, or bay
|
i
|
(WL) voeuri, (EL) öle
|
e
|
(WL) inscì, primm, (EL) isé, prém
|
i
|
capì, (WL) Milan, (EL) Milà
|
beet, but shorter
|
ɔ
|
ɔ
|
(WL) nòmm, anmò, (EL) nòm, amò
|
off
|
o
|
(WL) Còmm, (EL) Cóm
|
off or law (RP), but shorter
|
ɔ
|
oː
|
(WL) vòlta, (EL) ólta
|
off, law (RP) or bird (Wales)
|
øː
|
u
|
(WL) pocch, cognoss, (EL) póch, conós
|
off, cool or law (RP), but shorter
|
u
|
(WL) agost, modern, (EL) óst, modéren
|
cool or law (RP), but shorter
|
u
|
o
|
(WL) color, popolazion, (EL) culùr/colùr, popolasiù/pupulasiù
|
u
|
(WL) sô, freggiô, (EL) sul, fregiùr
|
cool, but shorter
|
y
|
(WL) comun, (EL) cümü
|
cool, but shorter, or foot (Scotland)
|
ø
|
(WL) tovarà, cocumer, (EL) töarà, cöcömer
|
cool or bird (Wales), but shorter
|
œ
|
(WL) oeugg, (EL) öcc
|
bird (Wales), but shorter
|
y
|
(WL) tucc, pussee, luster, (EL) töcc, piö, löster
|
foot (Scotland) or bird (Wales), but shorter
|
y
|
ø
|
(WL) scurtà, (EL) scürtà/scörtà
|
y
|
(WL) busecca, (EL) büzèca
|
foot (Scotland)
|
u
|
(WL) comunicazion, (EL) cumunicasiù
|
foot (Scotland) or cool, but shorter
|
Short nasal vowels[2]
|
ã
|
aⁿ
|
(WL) canton, (EL) cantù
|
sang or manner (both Scotland)
|
ẽ
|
eⁿ
|
ɛⁿ
|
(WL) venditor, (EL) vendedùr
|
sang (Southern U.S.) or bed
|
ĩ
|
(WL) prinzipi, (EL) prensépe
|
ring or bed
|
iⁿ
|
(WL) simpategh, (EL) simpàtech
|
ring or beet
|
ũ
|
oⁿ
|
(WL) compagn, (EL) compàgn
|
lung (Ireland) or law (RP)
|
uⁿ
|
oⁿ
|
(WL) piemontes, (EL) piemuntés/piemontés
|
uⁿ
|
(WL) composizion, (EL) cumpuzisiù
|
lung (Ireland) or cool
|
ỹ
|
øⁿ
|
(WL) cuntà, (EL) cöntà
|
weltanschauung (Scotland) or bird (Wales)
|
Long vowels
|
ɑː
|
a
|
pader, (WL) lombard, andaa, (EL) lombart, nacc
|
father
|
ɑː
|
oː
|
o
|
(WL) calda, alter, (EL) cólda, ólter
|
father or law (RP)
|
eː
|
e
|
(WL) mel, dree, (EL) mél, dré
|
bay
|
iː
|
(WL) dii, prinzipi, (EL) dét, prensépe
|
beet or bay
|
i
|
(WL) finii, (EL) finìcc
|
beet
|
uː
|
o
|
(WL) ciod, faroo, (EL) ciót, faró
|
cool or law (RP)
|
u
|
o
|
(WL) alora, (EL) alùra/alóra
|
u
|
(WL) amor, (EL) amùr
|
cool
|
øː
|
ø
|
o
|
(WL) proeuva, (EL) pröa/próa
|
bird (Wales) or law (RP)
|
ø
|
(WL) incoeu, (EL) encö
|
bird (Wales)
|
øː
|
oː
|
(WL) oeuli, roeusa, (EL) öle, rösa
|
bird (Wales), law (RP) or off
|
ɔ
|
yː
|
(WL) giuga, (EL) zöga
|
few (Scotland) or bird (Wales)
|
y
|
ø
|
(WL) luna, scur, (EL) lüna/löna, scür/scör
|
y
|
(WL) cuu, (EL) cul
|
few (Scotland)
|
i
|
(WL) cognossuu, (EL) cunusìcc
|
few (Scotland) or beet
|
Long nasal vowels[2]
|
ãː
|
a⁽ⁿ⁾
|
(WL) anca, italian, (EL) ach, italià
|
sang or manner (both Scotland)
|
ẽː
|
ɛ⁽ⁿ⁾
|
(WL) settember, (EL) setèmber
|
sang (Southern U.S.) or bed
|
e⁽ⁿ⁾
|
(WL) seren, (EL) seré
|
sang (Southern U.S.) or bay
|
ĩː
|
(WL) dinc, vint, (EL) décc, énte
|
being or bay
|
i⁽ⁿ⁾
|
(WL) minga, giardin, (EL) mìa, giardì
|
being or beet
|
ũː
|
o⁽ⁿ⁾
|
(WL) segond, (EL) segónt
|
lung (Ireland), but longer, or law (RP)
|
u⁽ⁿ⁾
|
(WL) pont, nazion, (EL) put, nasiù
|
lung (Ireland), but longer, or cool
|
ỹː
|
ø⁽ⁿ⁾
|
(WL) cunt, vundes, (EL) cönt, öndes
|
weltanschauung (Scotland) or bird (Wales)
|
y⁽ⁿ⁾
|
(WL) comun, (EL) cümü
|
weltanschauung or few (both Scotland)
|
|