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Population of Europe 1444

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The population of Europe around this time is from 50-70 million people with many sources having populations around this number. I will provide what I found to be a fairly accurate amount for the countries during this exact date with what land they owned. Not all of it is finished, however, most of the major powers in Europe have been done (excluding the HRE).

Population of Europe 1444
Country Region Population
France French Region 6 million
Ottomans Balkan/Anatolian Region 4.788 million
Castile Iberian Region 4.4 million
England British Isles/French Region 4.3 million
LIthuania Eastern Europe Region 3.101 million
Hungary Hungarian Region 3.073 million
Burgundy French/Lowlands Region 2.438 million
Bohemia German/Czech Region 2.169 million
Naples Italian Region 1.569 million
Aragon Iberian/Italian Region 1.566 million
Venice Italian/Balkan/Meditteranean Region 1.477 million
Poland Eastern European Region 1.345 million
Muscovy Russian Region 1.183 million
Portugal Iberian/Moroccan Region 1.043 million
Brittany French Region 924,000
Austria German Region 854,000
Savoy Italian/French Region 785,000
Milan Italian Region 620,000
Provence French Region 600,000
Novgorod Russian Region 568,000
Denmark Scandinavian Region 536,000
Sweden Scandinavian Region 474,000
Genoa Italian/Crimean Region 463,500
Papal States Italian/French Region 439,000
Scotland British Isles Region 360,000
Norway Scandinavian Region 317,000
Mazovia Eastern Europe Region 303,000
Granada Iberian Region 246,000
Byzantium Balkans Region 215,000
Navarra Iberian Region 110,000

To get the numbers I have here, I used https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/pop-in-eur.aspto help figure out what the population was in the given area and use a seperate source to determine the population density in the area and which countries controlled which areas. In the source above, it has the population being around 50 million people in Europe, which in the table above, has around 46 million people in Europe. Going based off the link used, there should be about 4 million people split among the remaining HRE states, the holy orders (Teutonic and Livonian Order), and any other remaining Balkan countries.

The counties of Europe had a large boom in population, up until however, the Black Plague struck again and devastated Europe, especially around the 1340s-1420s time period. Parts of Germany were reduced by up to 40% and Provence, a notable state in France during the 1400s, had almost half of its population die to the plague.

To add further to this, countries like France, who would normally have a much larger population, have their population split among the English controlled France, the Burgundians, Provence, Brittany, Savoy, and Lorraine.


Overall, the population of Europe is based off of estimations, especially during this time period where there was little to no written records of the population at that time. Using credible sources and good estimations can assist with finding the closest amount possible for the true number of people in Europe.


This Graph here displays the European population steadily rising up until the introduction of the Black Plague in Europe (around the 1340s) where the population was cut almost by 1/3 of its inhabitants.