Social marker
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A social marker is a discernible sign that gives a clue of a group identity,[1] frequently used by members of elite to indicate their dominant position through appearance, speech, dress, choice of food, and rituals of socializing.[2]
Language and speech
[edit]In language and speech, a social marker is a cue to the social position of the speaker provided through both linguistic (choice of language or languages, language style, accent, dialect, code-switching) and paralinguistic (voice pitch and tone) means. These clues might indicate the context of the speech, the well-known ones define the social group of the speaker: age, sex and gender, social class, ethnicity.[3] For example, an average Briton would have no problem identifying an American or Australian, and, quite likely, a native of Exeter or Liverpool through their patterns of speech.[4]
High social status is typically associated with the standard language variety (for example, the received pronunciation in Britain).[4] The social markers associated with the speech, along with other forms of social capital, are among the hardest to acquire[5] while moving up the social ladder.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Reuter 2002, p. 89.
- ^ Pitts & Gallois 2019.
- ^ a b Vaughan & Hogg 2013, p. 528.
- ^ Reuter 2002, p. 92.
Sources
[edit]- Pitts, Margaret Jane; Gallois, Cindy (2019-05-23), "Social Markers in Language and Speech", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.300, ISBN 978-0-19-023655-7
- Reuter, Timothy (2002-12-31). "Nobles and Others: The Social and Cultural Expression of Power Relations in the Middle Ages". Nobles and Nobility in Medieval Europe. Boydell and Brewer. doi:10.1515/9781846150111-011. ISBN 978-1-84615-011-1.
- Vaughan, Graham M.; Hogg, Michael A. (2013). Social Psychology. Always learning. Pearson Higher Education AU. ISBN 978-1-4425-6231-8. Retrieved 2024-10-11.
Further reading
[edit]- Scherer, Klaus R.; Giles, Howard, eds. (1979-12-13). Social Markers in Speech. Paris: Cambridge, [Eng.] ; New York : Cambridge University Press ; Paris : Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. ISBN 978-0-521-29590-1.
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