Draft:Filísola's campaign in El Salvador
The Filisola's campaign in El Salvador or also known Invasion of Filísola[1] took place in El Salvador, between Salvadoran and imperial forces led by General Vicente Filísola, the campaign was part of the Mexican-Salvadoran war and was decisive for the Mexican victory over El Salvador.
| Filísola's campaign in El Salvador | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Mexican annexation of El Salvador | |||||||||
 Portrait of Vicente Filísola | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Mexican Empire |
 El Salvador | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Vicente Filísola Felipe Codallos José Luis Ojeda Pedro Anaya Nicomedes Callejo Manuel Arzú Manuel Martínez Francisco Miranda× |
Matías Delgado Manuel Arce  José Antonio Cañas Mariano Prado Rafael Castillo Vicente Villacorta Máximo Cordero Fernando Alcolsa † | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
2,310: -2,000 infantry -260 cavalry -50 artillery |
Imperialist report 5,000:[13] -30 Cannons | ||||||||
Background
[edit]Independence of Central America
On September 15, the council meeting finally declared the independence of Spain chaired by Gabino Gainza, written in its by the Honduran politician José Cecilio del Valle[14] and signed by others by other representatives of the Central American provinces.
On November 12, 1822, the legislative congress of El Salvador agreed to the annexation as long as the conditions of El Salvador were accepted[a], Filísola did not accept the conditions.[15]
After this on November 22, the Congress of San Salvador, unable to avoid the march of the forces of Filísola, under the presidency of Deputy José Matías Delgado issued a resolution dictating the annexation to the United States, and commissioned Juan Manuel Rodríguez to go to the North to bring the minutes to the attention of that government.[1] On December 2, when ratifying this agreement, was ordered that the province defend and resist the invasion.[16] [17]
Campaign
[edit]The campaign begins when Filisola arrives in Santa Ana where it is occupied[18], where it ignores the provincial congress and claims the empire's jurisdiction over it.[16] On December 6, Filísola appointed José Nicolás de Abós y Padilla as subordinate political chief of Santa Ana, he also ordered that the income from alcabalas, brandy, and tobacco from some populations be allocated to the support of the imperial troops.[19][20] On December 8, Santa Ana is declared annexed to the Mexican empire, on this day Captain Nicomedes de Callejo with a knife to a Salvadoran force in Metapan[20], on December 9, Filísola and his forces raided Quezaltepeque where 10 Salvadorans die and some are taken prisoner.[21][20]
On December 11, his imperial troops occupied the Mipilapa hacienda between Nejapa and Apopa where he established his headquarters, [22] by then he had 800 infantry soldiers, 260 cavalry and 4 artillery pieces.[b] So I order to bring reinforcements from Guatemala, Comayagua, Chiapas and Quetzaltenango where he received reinforcements from San Miguel. The commander of the imperial division of San Miguel, had died guilty of Chinameca, on December 7 José Manuel Arce had left for San Miguel to fight the imperialists.[20] On the 12th of that same month the Battle of Chinameca was fought, Sergeant Manuel Martínez had an advantageous position where he would shoot with his cannons, but he was defeated by Colonel Rafael Castillo and Manuel José Arce, Martínez saw him fearlessly march forward fleeing shamefully towards Jocoro.
Aftermath
[edit]See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c Reyes 1910, p. 223.
- ^ Aguilar 1995, p. 93.
- ^ Figeac 1938, p. 436.
- ^ Castañeda 1919, p. 314.
- ^ Montúfar 1853, p. 18.
- ^ Bancroft 1887, p. 64.
- ^ Larde Y Larin 1977, p. 35.
- ^ García 1940, p. 93.
- ^ Rodríguez 1930, p. 132.
- ^ Casa Presidencial.
- ^ Monterey 1943, p. 104.
- ^ Romero 1877, p. 131.
- ^ García 1940, p. 90.
- ^ Rosa 1882, p. 4.
- ^ Monterey 1996, p. 97.
- ^ a b Monterey 1996, p. 98.
- ^ Larde Y Larin 1977, p. 37.
- ^ Montúfar 1853, p. 16.
- ^ García 1940, p. 87.
- ^ a b c d Monterey 1996, p. 99.
- ^ Vásquez Oliveira 2006, p. 112.
- ^ a b Vásquez Olivera 2006, p. 113.
Bibliography
[edit]Books
[edit]- Montúfar, Manuel (1853). Memorias para la historia de la revolución de Centro-América (in Spanish). Imprenta de la Paz, 1853.
- Romero, Matías (1877). Bosquejo historico de la agregacion á México de Chiapas y Soconusco y de las negociaciones sobre limites entabladas por Mexico con Centro-America y Guatemala (in Spanish). Imprenta del gobierno, en palacio, a cargo de F. Mata, 1877.
- Howe Bancroft, Hubert (1887). The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, Volume VIII. BoD – Books on Demand, 2024. ISBN 9783385485853.
- Larde Y Larin, Jorge (1977). Orígenes de la Fuerza Armada de El Salvador (in Spanish). Ministerio de Defensa y de Seguridad Pública, 1977.
- García, Joaquín (1940). Lucha de San Salvador contra el imperio, 1821-1823 (in Spanish). Imprenta nacional, San Salvador, El Salvador, 1940. ISBN 1391741706.
- Aguilar Avilés, Gilberto (1995). --Tu historia, blasón de héroes y mártires (in Spanish). CONCULTURA.
- Rosa, Ramón (1882). Biografía de Don José Cecilio del Valle (in Spanish). Tipografía Nacional,Tegucigalpa.
- Monterey, Francisco J. (1996). Historia de El Salvador: anotaciones cronológicas 1810-1842 (in Spanish) (Third ed.). Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de El Salvador, 1996.
- Reyes, Rafael (1910). Nociones de historia del Salvador: Precedidas de un resumen de historia . (in Spanish). Tall. Grf. de JosCasamaj.
- Vidal, Manuel (1969). Nociones de historia de Centro América (in Spanish) (Eighth ed.). Ministerio de Educación, Dirección General de Cultura, Dirección de Publicaciones, 1969.
- Figeac, José F. (1938). Recordatorio histórico de la República de El Salvador (in Spanish). Talleres Gráficos Cisneros.
- Castañeda, Francisco (1919). Nuevos estudios historia--política literatura--crítica--arte--sociología--derecho internacional--enseñanza-- (in Spanish). Imprenta Nacional.
- Rodríguez, José N. (1930). Estudios de historia militar de Centro-América (in Spanish). Tip. nacional, 1930.
- García, Miguel Ángel (1939). El doctor José Matías Delgado (in Spanish) (Second ed.). Imprenta nacional.
- Monterey, Francisco J. (1943). Historia de El Salvador anotaciones cronológicas, 1810-1871 (in Spanish). C. A. [Talleres gráficos Cisneros.
Web sources
[edit]- "Presidentes de El Salvador – Brigadier Vicente Filísola". Casa Presidencial (in Spanish). El Salvador: Government of El Salvador.
- Vásquez Oliveira, Mario (2006). "La División Auxiliar de Guatemala. Función política y campaña militar, 1821-1823" (in Spanish). ULÚA Revista de Historia, Sociedad y Cultura (8). Xalapa, Veracruz, México.