Daylighting (tunnels)
Daylighting a tunnel is to remove its "roof" of overlying rock and soil, exposing the railway or roadway to daylight and converting it to a railway or roadway cut. Tunnels are often daylighted to improve vertical or horizontal clearances—for example, to accommodate double-stack container trains or electrifying rail lines, where increasing the size of the tunnel bore is impractical.
List of daylighted tunnels
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- Australia
- The Moocomonga Tunnel carried the Central Western railway line through the Gogango Range in Queensland, Australia (23°42′06″S 149°55′27″E / 23.70164°S 149.92430°E).[1] It opened in 1876.[2][3] The tunnel was daylighted in 1983 due to rock falls which blocked the tunnel from time to time.[4][5]
- The Coromandel and Pinera Tunnels on the Belair line in Adelaide, South Australia, both built as a single track tunnel with the line in 1883, were daylighted in the 1920s when the line to Belair was duplicated.[6]
- The Arncliffe Tunnel on the NSW South Coast Line was daylighted and replaced with a road bridge when the track was quadruplicated in 1921[7]
- The Waterfall Tunnel on the NSW south coast line was daylighted in 1914 when the line was duplicated[8]
- New Zealand
- The railway line through the Manawatū Gorge, when constructed in 1891, had five tunnels. Three of these were daylighted in 2008 to allow for the carriage of large containers (the other two tunnels had their floors lowered).[9]
- United Kingdom
- Liverpool Lime Street station was originally approached through a 1.13-mile (1.82 km) twin-track tunnel completed in 1836. The tunnel was daylighted in the 1880s, and replaced with a deep four-track cutting, with only the eastern 50 metres (55 yd) approaching Edge Hill railway station remaining as a tunnel.
- United States of America
- Auburn Tunnel on the Schuylkill Canal, daylighted in 1857
- Tunnel No. 5 on the Alaska Railroad's Seward-Anchorage line[10]
- Tunnel No. 5 on the Virginia & Truckee Railroad at Nevada S.R. 341 near Virginia City
- The Gwynedd Cut on the North Pennsylvania Railroad, near North Wales, Pennsylvania, built as a tunnel between 1853 and 1856, daylighted in 1930 when the Reading Railroad electrified the line
- A number of tunnels were open cut for the National Gateway project including:
- Shoo Fly Tunnel (2012)
- Pinkerton Tunnel (2012)
- Benford Tunnel (2012)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Duaringa (front)" (Map). Queensland Government. 1943. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ "ROCKHAMPTON". Morning Bulletin. Vol. LXIV, no. 11, 650. Queensland, Australia. 4 April 1903. p. 5. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "On the Northern Railway". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XXXIII, no. 3, 461. Queensland, Australia. 21 June 1878. p. 3. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "The Morning Bulletin, ROCKHAMPTON". Morning Bulletin. Vol. XXIII, no. 3495. Queensland, Australia. 25 June 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "A Banana Tree Growing Vigorously in the Wet – Joh Bjelke-Petersen and the Queensland Railways 1960s to 1980s: Part 2". Under The Clocks. 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
- ^ "Pinera Tunnel", Wikipedia, 2024-06-04, retrieved 2024-08-20
- ^ "Arncliffe Tunnel". www.nswrail.net. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
- ^ "Waterfall Tunnel". www.nswrail.net. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
- ^ The Encyclopedia of New Zealand: Daylighting a Manawatū Gorge tunnel
- ^ F. C. Weeks et al., "Tunnel 'Daylighting' on the Alaska Railroad," Transportation Research Record No. 1119, Geotechnology (1987).
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