Anguispira cumberlandiana
| Anguispira cumberlandiana | |
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_-_Discidae_-_Mollusc_shell.jpeg)
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Discidae |
| Genus: | Anguispira |
| Species: | A. cumberlandiana
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| Binomial name | |
| Anguispira cumberlandiana | |
Anguispira cumberlandiana, the Cumberland tigersnail or the Cumberland disc, is a range-restricted species of land snail; a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Discidae. They possess a lens shaped shell with convex whorls and a pinched, serrated keel. The shell is typically pale olive or tan in color, with radiating chestnut stripes and oblique radial streaks.[3] This species is found in a few counties in Alabama and Tennessee along the Cumberland Plateau in the United States.[4]
Like many other members of the genus Anguispira, the Cumberland tigersnail is a limestone specialist.[5] Its thin shell allows it to burrow into crevices in limestone boulders where it retreats in order to shelter from the elements and hibernate. As a result, the species is likely negatively impacted by limestone mining.
Original descriptions from the 1840s
[edit]Anguispira cumberlandiana was originally discovered and described under the name Carocolla Cumberlandiana by Isaac Lea in 1840.[2]
Lea's original text (the type description) reads as follows and provided one sentence of physical description. He lists the location of specimens as in the Cumberland Mountains near Jasper, Tennessee:
Carocolla Cumberlandiana. Testa lenticulata, carinata, striata, albid, fusco-notata, late umbilicata, ad carinam supern et inferne impressa; anfracti- bus quinis; apertura angulata, intus sulcata; labro acuto. Hab. Cumberland Mts., near Jasper, Tenn.-Dr. Currey.
Later, in 1843,[6] Lea provided the same description, but with more background information about the body form of this species in relation to H. alternata (now known as Anguispira alternata), particularly the lenticular form and carina of cumberlandiana.
CAROCOLLA CUMBERLANDIANA. Plate 6, Fig. 61. Testa lenticulata, carinata, striata, albidd, fusco-notata, lat umbilicata, ad carinam superne et infernk impressd; anfractibus quinis; aperturd angulatd, intus sulcatd; labro acuto. Shell lenticular, carinate, striate, whitish, brown-spotted, widely umnbilicate, impressed above and below the carina; whorls five; aperture angular, within furrowed; lip acute. Hab. Cumberland Mountains, near Jasper, Tenn. Dr. Currey. My Cabinet, and Cabinets of Dr. Currey and Mr. Edgar. Diam. .54, Length .14 of an inch. Remarks.-Among many species of land shells which I owe to Dr. Currey's kindness, were two individuals of this Carocolla, which does not appear to have been before noticed. It has some resemblance to H. alternata, (Say,) but may at once be distinguished by its depressed, flat, lenticular form and carina. It is a very interesting species, and has a remarkable furrow above and below the carina: all the whorls, are visible in the umbilicus, and are striate all over.
References
[edit]This article incorporates public domain text from references.[2][6]
- ^ NatureServe (6 October 2023). "Anguispira cumberlandiana". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ a b c Lea, I. (August - October 1840). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 1(13): 284-289.
- ^ Pilsbry, Henry Augustus (1948). Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. 2, Part 2. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
- ^ Hubricht, Leslie (1985). The distributions of the native land mollusks of the Eastern United States. Field Museum of Natural History.
- ^ Haskell, David G.; Pan, Jia W. (2013-02-20). "Phylogenetic analysis of threatened and range-restricted limestone specialists in the land snail genus Anguispira". Conservation Genetics. 14 (3): 671–682. doi:10.1007/s10592-013-0460-4. ISSN 1566-0621.
- ^ a b Lea, I. (1843). Transactions of the American Philosophical Society New Series 8: 163-250.