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2000 in paleontology

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of years in paleontology (table)
In paleobotany
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
In arthropod paleontology
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
In paleoentomology
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
In paleomalacology
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
In reptile paleontology
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
In archosaur paleontology
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
In mammal paleontology
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
In paleoichthyology
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2000.

Plants

[edit]

Angiosperms

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Chaneya[2]

Gen et 2 comb nov

Valid

Wang & Manchester

Late Eocene

Florissant Formation

 USA

A genus of uncertain affiliation
The type species is Porana tenuis (1908)
Also includes P. kokangensis (1939)

Chaneya tenuis

Palaeocarpinus sikhotealinensis[3]

Sp nov

Valid

Akhmetiev & Manchester

Latest Eocene or Earliest Oligocene

Kizi Group
Buoy Bay Member

 Russia

A betulaceous fruit

Arthropods

[edit]

Arachnids

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Baltocteniza[4]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Eskov & Zonstein

Early Eocene (Miocene)

Baltic amber

 Europe

The type and only species is Baltocteniza kulickae

Electrocteniza[4]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Eskov & Zonstein

Early Eocene (Miocene)

Baltic amber

 Europe

The type and only species is Electrocteniza sadilenkoi

Crustaceans

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Tillocheles kaoriae[5]

Sp nov

Valid

Yokoi & Karasawa

Cenomanian-Turonian

Yezo Group

 Japan

A stenochirid

Insects

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Makarkiniidae[6]

Fam nov

jr synonym

Martins-Neto

Aptian

Crato Formation

 Brazil

A lacewing family, syn of Kalligrammatidae

Neurosymploca? oligocenica

Sp nov

valid

Fernández-Rubio & Nel

Rupelian

Paleolake Céreste

 France

A moth, possibly a species of Neurosymploca

Neurosymploca oligocenica

Molluscs

[edit]

Bivalves

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Camyidae[7]

fam nov

valid

Hinz-Schallreuter

Early Cambrian

Bornholm

 Denmark

type and only genus Camya

Fishes

[edit]

Newly named placoderms

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Aleosteus[8]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Johnson, Elliott, & Wittke

Lower Devonian

Sevy Dolomite Formation, Nevada

 USA

The type species is Aleosteus eganensis.

Newly named cartilaginous fish

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Debeerius[9]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Grogan & Lund

Carboniferous (late Chesterian)

Heath Formation

 USA
( Montana)

An early cartilaginous fish with an anatomy intermediate to the chimaeroid and selachian plans. The type species is D. ellefseni.

Amphibians

[edit]
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Avitabatrachus[10]

Valid

  • Baez
  • Trueb
  • Calvo

Middle Cretaceous

Candeleros Formation

 Argentina

The type species is Avitabatrachus uliana.

Banksiops[11]

Valid

  • Warren
  • Mariscano

A replacement genus for Banksia Warren & Mariscano, 1998 preoccupied for arachnid Banksia Voigt & Oudermans, 1905.

Jeholotriton[12]

Valid

  • Wang

Early Cretaceous

Daohugou Bed Formation

 China

The type species is Jeholotriton paradoxus.

Rileymillerus[13]

Valid

  • Bolt
  • Chatterjee

Upper Triassic

Cooper Canyon Formation

 USA

The type species is Rileymillerus cosgriffi.

Ichthyosaurs

[edit]
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Aegirosaurus[14]

Valid

  • Bardet
  • Fernández

Upper Jurassic

 Germany

The type species is Aegirosaurus leptospondylus.

Callawayia[15]

Valid

  • Maisch
  • Matzke

Upper Triassic

Pardonet Formation

 Canada

A new genus for "Shastasaurus" neoscapularis.

Guizhouichthyosaurus[16]

Valid

  • Cao
  • Luo

Upper Triassic

Falang Formation

 China

The type species is Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae.

Phantomosaurus[15]

Valid

  • Maisch
  • Matzke

Middle Triassic

Upper Muschelkalk Formation

 Germany

A new genus for "Shastasaurus" neubigi.

Archosauromorphs

[edit]

Newly named crurotarsans

[edit]
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Adzhosuchus[17]

Valid

  • Efimov
  • Gubin
  • Kurzanov

Late Jurassic

Shar Teg Beds

 Mongolia

A basal crocodylomorph. The type species is Adzhosuchus fuscus.

Kyasuchus[18]

Valid

  • Efimov
  • Leshchinskiy

Early Cretaceous

Ilek Formation

 Russia

A basal crocodilomorph. The type species is Kyasuchus saevi.

Simosuchus[19]

Valid

  • Buckley
  • Brochu
  • Krause
  • Pol

Late Cretaceous

Maevarano Formation

 Madagascar

A notosuchian. The type species is Simosuchus clarki.

Stolokrosuchus[20]

Valid

  • Larrson
  • Gabo

Early Cretaceous

El Rhaz Formation

 Niger

A neosuchian. The type species is Stolokrosuchus lapparenti.

Newly named dinosaurs

[edit]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[21]

Name Status Authors Discovery year Age Unit Location Notes Images

Bambiraptor[22]

Valid

Two Medicine Formation

 USA

A very bird-like two foot long dromaeosaurid. May be a juvenile Saurornitholestes.

Bambiraptor
Charonosaurus
Fukuiraptor
Graciliceratops
Microraptor
Nanyangosaurus
Nomingia
Pyroraptor
Sauroposeidon

Byronosaurus[23]

Valid

Djadochta Formation

 Mongolia

A five foot long troodontid. Mysteriously, skulls of extremely small juveniles have been recovered from an oviraptorosaur nest. This may be evidence of brood parasitism or predator-prey relationships between the two species.

Caudipteryx dongi [24]

Valid

Early Cretaceous

Lower Yixian Formation

 China

A caudipterygid oviraptorosaur

Charonosaurus[25]

Valid

  • Godefroit
  • Zan
  • Jin L.

Yuliangze Formation

 China

A 13 m (42.5 ft) long Parasaurolophus-like lambeosaur.

Chuanjiesaurus[26]

Valid

Chuanjie Formation

 China

A mamenchisaurid.

Fukuiraptor[27]

Valid

Kitadani Formation

 Japan

A neovenatorid known only from juvenile specimens.

"Ginnareemimus"

Nomen nudum

  • Kaneko

Sao Khua Formation

 Thailand

Formally named Kinnareemimus in 2009 in paleontology.

Glyptodontopelta[28]

Valid

  • Ford

Ojo Alamo Sandstone

 USA

Named after the armored mammal Glyptodon.

Graciliceratops[29]

Valid

Sheeregeen Gashoon Formation

 Mongolia

Primitive ceratopsian. Only a partial skeleton has been found.

Huabeisaurus[30]

Valid

  • Pang
  • Cheng Z.

Huiquanpu Formation

 China

Opisthocoelicaudia-like titanosaurid.

"Iguanoides"

Nomen nudum; synonym of Iguanodon

Conybeare vide:

  • Cadbury

Junior synonym of Iguanodon.

Ilokelesia[31]

Valid

Rio Limay Formation

 Argentina

A primitive abelisaur who name is derived from "flesh lizard" in Mapuche.

Isanosaurus[32]

Valid

Nam Phong Formation

 Thailand

A small, 6.5 metres (21 ft) long sauropod.

Jeholosaurus[33]

Valid

Yixian Formation

 China

A 71.1 centimetres (28.0 in) long hypsilophodont.

Microraptor[34]

Valid

Jiufotang Formation

A tiny "four-winged" dromaeosaurid.

Nanyangosaurus[35]

Valid

Sangping Formation

 China

A hadrosauroid.

Nomingia[36]

Valid

Beds of Bugeen Tsav

 Mongolia

The first non-avian dinosaur known to have a pygostyle at the end of its tail. In life this structure probably supported a fan of feathers.

Nqwebasaurus[37]

Valid

Kirkwood Formation

 South Africa

The earliest known coelurosaur from Gondwana, the type specimen was a three foot long juvenile with preserved gastroliths in its stomach.

"Ponerosteus"[38]

Nomen dubium; possibly non-dinosaurian

  • George Olshevsky,

A dubious taxon whose name means "useless bone" to reflect the low quality of the material, which had fueled taxonomic confusion.

Pyroraptor[39]

Valid

Grès à Reptiles

 France

A dromaeosaurid known from a single specimen.

Rocasaurus[40]

Valid

  • Salgado
  • Azpilicueta

Allen Formation

 Argentina

A small, 8 meter long titanosaur.

"Saltriosaurus"

Nomen nudum

  • Dal Sasso

An Allosaurus-like theropod estimated to be 8 meters (26 ft) long. Only ten percent of its skeleton is known.

Sauroposeidon[41]

Valid

  • Wedel
  • Cifelli
  • Sanders

Antlers Formation

 USA

A gigantic brachiosaur with an estimated length of up to 34 m (112 ft) and a mass of 50–60 t (55–66 short tons). It is known from four neck vertebrae.

Tendaguria[42]

Valid

Tendaguru Formation

 Tanzania

A 20 meters (66 ft) long sauropod.

Newly named birds

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Alca stewarti [43]

Valid

Sp. nov.

James W. R. Martin

Cyril A. Walker

Richard H. C. Bonser

Gareth J. Dyke

Early Pliocene

Kattendijk Sands Formation

 Belgium:

 East Flanders

An Alcidae.

Ameripodius alexis [44]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Early Miocene

MN 2a

 France

A Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992.

Brachypteracias langrandi [45]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Steven M. Goodman

Holocene

Ampoza

 Madagascar

A Brachypteraciidae.

Cerestenia pulchrapenna [46]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Middle Oligocene

MP 23

 France

Possibly a stem Turnicidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Cygnus verae [47]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Zlatozar N. Boev

Early Pliocene

MN 14, Ruscinian

 Bulgaria

An Anatidae.

Eocoracias brachyptera [48]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

The type species of the new genus, placed in the new family Eocoraciidae G. Mayr et Mourer-Chauviré, 2000.

Fratercula dowi [49]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Daniel A. Guthrie

Howell W. Thomas

George L. Kennedy

Late Pleistocene

Late Rancholabrean,

San Nicolas Island

 USA:

 California

An Alcidae.

Frigidafons babaheydariensis [50]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Dieter S. Peters

Ali Hamedani

Early Oligocene

Rupelian

 Iran

A Diomedeoididae Fischer, 1985, transferred to Diomedeoides Fischer, 1985 by Mayr, Peters & Rietschel, 2002 and to Rupelornis van Beneden, 1871 by Mayr & Smith, 2012.

Gallirallus huiatua [51]

Valid

Sp. nov.

David W. Steadman

Trevor H. Worthy

Atholl J. Anderson

Richard Walter

Holocene

Prehistoric

 Niue

A Rallidae.

Geranopterus milneedwardsi [48]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Eocene or Oligocene

Phosphotites du Quercy,

MP 16-28

 France

A Geranopteridae Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré, 2000.

Jibeinia luanhera [52]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Lianhai Hou

Early Cretaceous

Huajiying Formation

 China

An Enantiornithes, described in 1997 but the name was a labelname, so a Nomen Nudum, in 2000 Hou gave a short description in the Picture Book of Chinese Fossil Birds, making the name valid.

Longipteryx chaoyangensis[53]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Fucheng Zhang

Zhou Zhonghe

Hou Lianhan

Gu Gang

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. The type species of the new genus.

Megapodius amissus [54]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Trevor H. Worthy

Holocene

Cave deposits, Viti Levu

 Fiji

A Megapodiidae.

Megavitiornis altirostris [54]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Trevor H. Worthy

Holocene

Cave deposits,

Viti Levu

 Fiji

A Megapodiidae, the type species of the new genus.

Messelirrisor grandis [55]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Early Middle Eocene

Messel pit

MN 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979.

Nycticorax kalavikai [51]

Valid

Sp. nov.

David W. Steadman

Trevor H. Worthy

Atholl J. Anderson

Richard Walter

Holocene

Prehistoric

 Niue

An Ardeidae.

Oligocolius brevitarsus [56]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Middle Oligocene

MP 23-24

 Germany:

 Baden-Württemberg

A stem Coliidae.

Paraortygoides messelensis [57]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Gallinuloididae Lucas, 1900.

Phirriculus pinicola [58]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Jirí Mlíkovský

Ursula B. Göhlich

Early Miocene

MN 2a and MN 3

 France;

 Germany:

 Bavaria

A Phoeniculidae.

Porzana piercei [59]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

David B. Wingate

Middle Pleistocene

Government Quarry

 Bermuda

A Rallidae.

Potamornis skutchi [60]

Valid

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Andrzej Elzanowski

Gregory S. Paul

Thomas A. Stidham

Late Cretaceous

Late Maastrichtian

 USA:

 Wyoming

A Hesperornithiformas.

Protopteryx fengningensis[61]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Zhang Fucheng

Zhou Zhonghe

Early Cretaceous

Huajiying Formation

 China

An Enanthornithes. This is the type species of the new genus.

Pulchapollia gracilis [62]

Valid

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Gareth J. Dyke

Joanne H. Cooper

Early Eocene

Ypresian, MP 8, London Clay

 UK:

 England

A Psittaciformes, Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972, this is the type species of the new genus.

Qiluornis taishanensis [63]

Valid

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Lian-Hai Hou

Zhong-He Zhou

Fu-Cheng Zhang

Jun-De Li

Miocene

Shanwang Formation

 China

An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Rallus ibycus [59]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

David B. Wingate

Middle Pleistocene

Government Quarry

 Bermuda

A Rallidae.

Salmila robusta [64]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Gruiformes, Salmilidae Mayr, 2002, this is the type species of the new genus.

Serudaptus pohli [65]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Psittaciformes, Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972, this is the type species of the new genus.

Turnipax dissipata [46]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Early-Middle Oligocene

MP 21-25

 France

Possibly a stem Turnicidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Tynskya eocaena [66]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Early Eocene

Green River Formation

MP 8, London Clay

 USA:

 Wyoming;

 UK:

 England

A Messelasturidae Mayr, 2005, this is the type species of the new genus.

Newly named pterosaurs

[edit]
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Domeykodactylus[67]

Valid

  • Martill
  • Frey
  • Diaz
  • Bell

Early Cretaceous

Santa Ana Formation

 Chile

A pterodactyloid. The type species is Domeykodactylus ceciliae.

Anhanguera piscator[68]

Valid

  • Kellner
  • Tomida

Early Cretaceous

Santana Formation

 Brazil

A pterodactyloid. Reclassified in 2006 to the genus Coloborhynchus.[69]

Synapsids

[edit]

Non-mammalian

[edit]
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Australobarbarus[70]

Valid

  • Kurkin

Upper Permian

Sokolki Faunal Assemblage

 Russia

A dicynodont. Two species are described Australobarbarus kotelnitshi (type) and A. platycephalus.

Charruodon[71]

Valid

  • Abdala
  • Ribeiro

Upper Triassic

Santa Maria Formation

 Brazil

A cynodont. The type species is Charruodon tetracuspidatus.

Chlynovia[72]

Valid

  • Tatarinov

Upper Permian

Sokolki Faunal Assemblage

 Russia

A therocephalian. The type species is Chlynovia serridentatus.

Dadadon[73]

Valid

  • Flynn
  • Parrish
  • Rakotosamimanana
  • Ranivoharimanana
  • Simpson
  • Wyss

Middle-Upper Triassic

Makay Formation

 Madagascar

A eucynodont. The type species is Dadadon isaloi.

Menadon[73]

Valid

  • Flynn
  • Parrish
  • Rakotosamimanana
  • Ranivoharimanana
  • Simpson
  • Wyss

Middle-Upper Triassic

Makay Formation

 Madagascar

A eucynodont. The type species is Menodon besairiei.

Nikkasaurus[74]

Valid

  • Ivakhnenko

Upper Permian

Mezen Faunal Assemblage

 Russia

A nikkasaurid. The type species is Nikkasaurus tatarinovi.

Reiszia[74]

Valid

  • Ivakhnenko

Upper Permian

Mezen Faunal Assemblage

 Russia

A nikkasaurid. Two species are described Reiszia gubini (type) and R. tippula.

Scalopodontes[72]

Valid

  • Tatarinov

Upper Permian

Sokolki Faunal Assemblage

 Russia

A theriocephalian. The type species is Scalopodontes kotelnichi

Suchogorgon[75]

Valid

  • Tatarinov

Upper Permian

Sokolki Faunal Assemblage

 Russia

A gorgonopsid. The type species is Suchogorgon golubevi.

Vivaxosaurus[76]

Valid

  • Kalandadze
  • Kurkin

Upper Permian

Sokolki Faunal Assemblage

 Russia

A dicynodont. The type species is Vivaxosaurus permicus.

See also

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]

Complete author list

[edit]

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

  1. ^ Burnham, Derstler, Phillip Currie, Robert Bakker, Zhou Z., John Ostrom.
  2. ^ Fang, Pang, Lu, Zhang Z., Pan, Wang Y., Li X. K., Cheng Z.
  3. ^ Buffetaut, Suteethorn, Cuny, Tong, Le Loeuff, Khansubha, Jongautchariyakul.
  4. ^ Xu Xing, Zhao X., Lü, Huang W., Li Z., Dong Zhiming.
  5. ^ Rinchen Barsbold, Halszka Osmólska, Watabe, Phillip Currie, Tsogtbaatar.
  6. ^ de Klerk, Forster, Sampson, Chinsamy, Ross.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. ^ Wang, Y.; Manchester, S. R. (2000). "Chaneya, a new genus of winged fruit from the Tertiary of North America and eastern Asia". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 161 (1): 167–178. doi:10.1086/314227. PMID 10648207. S2CID 45052368.
  3. ^ Akhmetiev, M.A.; Manchester, S.R. (2000). "A new species of Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Paleogene of Eastern Sikhote-Alin". Paleontological Journal. 34: 467–474.
  4. ^ a b Eskov, K. Y.; Zonstein, S. L. (2000). "The First Ctenizoid Mygalomorph Spiders from Eocene Baltic Amber (Araneida: Mygalomorphae: Ctenizidae)". Paleontological Journal. 34 (suppl. 3): S268–S274. Part 1; Part 2 (PDF).
  5. ^ Yokoi, Takayuki; Karasawa, Hiroaki (January 2000). "Additions to Cretaceous decapod crustaceans from Hokkaido, Japan – Part 2. Chilenophoberidae". Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum. 27: 191–194.
  6. ^ Bechly, G.; Makarkin, V. N. (2016). "A new gigantic lacewing species (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil confirms the occurrence of Kalligrammatidae in the Americas". Cretaceous Research. 58: 135–140. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.014.
  7. ^ Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9. S2CID 49380913. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
  8. ^ Johnson, H.G.; Elliott, D.K. & Wittke, J.H. (2000). "A new actinolepid arthrodire (Class Placodermi) from the Lower Devonian Sevy Dolomite, East-Central Nevada". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 129 (2): 129–141. doi:10.1006/zjls.1999.0206.
  9. ^ Eileen D. Grogan; Richard Lund (2000). "Debeerius ellefseni (Fam. Nov., Gen. Nov., Spec. Nov.), an autodiastylic chondrichthyan from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana (USA), the relationships of the chondrichthyes, and comments on gnathostome evolution". Journal of Morphology. 243 (3): 219–245. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(200003)243:3<219::AID-JMOR1>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID 10681469. S2CID 21466183.
  10. ^ Baez, A.M.; Trueb, L. & Calvo, J.O. (2000). "The earliest known pioid frog from South America: a new genus from the middle Cretaceous of Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (3): 490–500. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0490:TEKPFF]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86183634.
  11. ^ Warren, A.A.; Marsicano, C. (2000). "Banksiops, a replacement name for Banksia townrowi (Amphibia, Temnospondyli)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (1): 186. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0186:BARNFB]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86109764.
  12. ^ Wang, Y. (2000). "A new salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 38 (2): 100–103. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2000.02.003.
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