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1929 Fijian general election

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General elections were held in Fiji in 1929. They were the first in which Indo-Fijians were allowed to vote.

Background

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Indo-Fijians had previously been able to vote in municipal elections, but when elections to the Legislative Council were introduced in 1905, the Governor noted that he "did not consider it necessary to provide for the representation of the Indians and Pacific Islanders because they had shown themselves open to corruption at the municipal elections."[1] Subsequently, the community lost its right to vote in local elections in 1912.[1] In 1916 provision was made for an Indo-Fijian member of the Legislative Council, but they were appointed by the Governor rather than elected.[1]

Electoral system

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Constitutional amendments made on 1 May 1929 changed the composition of the Legislative Council.[2] The number of appointed members was increased from 12 to 13, with all 13 now required to be civil servants (previously one of the appointed members had been from outside the civil service).[2][3] The number of elected members was increased from seven to nine, with the number of European elected members reduced from seven to six (elected from five constituencies, reduced from six with the removal of Suva), and three elected seats created for Indo-Fijians.[2] The number of appointed Fijian members was increased from two to three; they were appointed from a list of between four and six potential candidates presented to the Governor by the Great Council of Chiefs. The Governor also sat in the Council as its President.[2]

Voter eligibility remained unchanged for Europeans, being restricted to men aged 21 or over who had been born to European parents (or a European father and was able to read, speak and write English), who were British subjects and had been continuously resident in Fiji for 12 months, and who either owned at least £20 of freehold or leasehold property or had an annual income of at least £120.[2]

For Indo-Fijians, eligibility was also restricted to men aged 21 or over. They had to be a British subject or from British India, have lived continuously in the Fiji for at least two years, be able to read or write in English, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu or Urdu, and for the previous six months, have either owned property with an annual value of five years, had a net annual cash income of at least £75, or held a Government or municipal licence worth at least £5 annually.[2]

In both ethnic categories, civil servants were barred from voting.[2]

Results

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Three sitting members of the Council contested the two seats in the redrawn Southern constituency; Alport Barker who had represented the old Southern constituency, and Henry Milne Scott and Henry Marks, who been the two members for Suva since 1911 (Milne Scott was first elected in 1908). Marks was unseated after 18 years on the Council, finishing 125 votes behind Barker.

Constituency Candidate Votes % Notes
European members
Eastern John Maynard Hedstrom Unopposed Re-elected
Northern Hugh Ragg Unopposed Elected
Southern Henry Milne Scott 471 38.5 Re-elected
Alport Barker 438 35.8 Re-elected
Henry Marks 313 25.6 Unseated
Informal votes 7
Vanua Levu & Taveuni William Edmund Willoughby-Tottenham 120 88.9 Re-elected
E. Hathaway 15 11.1
Informal votes 32
Western John Percy Bayly 59 32.4 Elected
Charles Wimbledon Thomas 50 27.5
P. Costello 49 26.9
Percival William Faddy 24 13.2 Unseated
Informal votes 7
Indo-Fijian members
Eastern James Ramchandar Rao 63 75.9 Elected
Khalil Sahim 20 24.1
Informal votes 5
Northern and Western Parmanand Singh 309 58.2 Elected
Champadan Manakandan Gopalan 222 41.8
Informal votes 57
Southern Vishnu Deo 419 72.1 Elected
John F. Grant 162 27.9
Informal 13
Source: Ali

Aftermath

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Popi Seniloli and Deve Toganivalu were appointed as Fijian members.[4]

After the Legislative Council was opened, Deo put forward a resolution for a common electoral roll on 5 November 1929. After it was defeated, the three Indo-Fijian members walked out of the Council. After missing three sittings, they were deemed to have forfeited their seats and by-elections were called. However, no nominations were received.[5] As a result, the Indo-Fijian seats were left vacant until 1932.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c John D. Kelly (1991) A Politics of Virtue: Hinduism, Sexuality, and Countercolonial Discourse in Fiji, University of Chicago Press, p76
  2. ^ a b c d e f g 1929 Legislative Council Election Fiji Elections Archive
  3. ^ 1926 Legislative Council Election Fiji Elections Archive
  4. ^ 1929 Fiji Legislative Council elections Fiji Elections
  5. ^ 1932 Fiji Legislative Council elections Fiji Elections
  6. ^ Sarva Daman Singh & Mahavir Singh (2003) Indians Abroad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies, p220