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Sadism and masochism in fiction

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The role of sadism and masochism in fiction has attracted serious scholarly attention. Anthony Storr has commented that the volume of sadomasochist pornography shows that sadomasochistic interest is widespread in Western society;[1] John Kucich has noted the importance of masochism in late-19th-century British colonial fiction.[2] This article presents appearances of sadomasochism in literature and works of fiction in the various media.[3][4][5]

Novels

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Titles are sorted in chronological order.

Pre-19th century

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19th century

[edit]
Illustration from Le Magnétisme du Fouet, ou les Indiscrétions de Miss Darcy (1902) by Jean de Villiot. Note this is the French translation of The Romance of Chastisement (1866). Illustrator is unknown, though is possibly William Adolphe Lambrecht.

At Mokroe I was talking to an old man, and he told me: 'There's nothing we like so much as sentencing girls to be thrashed, and we always give the lads the job of thrashing them. And the girl he has thrashed to-day, the young man will ask in marriage to-morrow. So it quite suits the girls, too,' he said. There's a set of de Sades for you! But it's clever, anyway.[47]

  • The Mysteries of Verbena House, or, Miss Bellasis Birched for Thieving (1882) by "Etonensis" [pseud.], actually by George Augustus Sala and James Campbell Reddie (co-author of The Sins of the Cities of the Plain).
  • The Whippingham Papers (1888) with poetry ascribed to Algernon Charles Swinburne, edited by St. George H. Stock, a probable pseudonym, also credited with The Romance of Chastisement (1866). A collection of Victorian stories and verse about erotic flagellation.[48]
  • The Yellow Room (1891) by anonymous (generally attributed to "M. Le Comte Du Bouleau", aka Stanislas Matthew de Rhodes).[49] – Novella about an eighteen-year-old girl educated and disciplined by her stern aunt and uncle.[50] Reprinted along with the novella Letters to a Lady Friend, in Whipped into Shape: Two Classic Erotic Novellas by Renaissance E Books Inc. (2004).
  • Gynecocracy: A Narrative of the Adventures and Psychological Experiences of Julian Robinson, by "Viscount Ladywood" [pseud.] (1893),[51][52] the author recounts his punishment as a boy at the hands of the governess to whom he is sent, along with three female cousins, after having taken indecent liberties with a household maid. Forced to wear girls' clothing as his ordinary attire, Julian, now Julia, is subjected to frequent flagellations, as are his cousins, one of whom he later marries, submitting to her dominance through continued forced feminization and crossdressing.
  • Raped on the Railway: a True Story of a Lady who was first ravished and then flagellated on the Scotch Express (1894), anonymous,[53][54][55][56][57][58] by Charles Carrington[18] A married woman is raped by a stranger in a locked railway compartment and in a common trope in later Victorian pornography[57] is depicted as ultimately taking pleasure in the act:[59] she is then flagellated by her brother-in-law for the latter transgression.[60] The plot may have been inspired by the real-life case of Colonel Valentine Baker, who was convicted of an indecent assault on a young woman in a railway carriage in 1875.[53] An American adaptation, or plagiarism, was published in New York City under the title Raped on the Elevated Railway, a True Story of a Lady who was First Ravished and then Flagellated on the Uptown Express, illustrating the Perils of Travel in the New Machine Age[61][62] set in New York.[63]
  • A Full and True Account of the Wonderful Mission of Earl Lavender (1895) by John Davidson (London: Ward & Downey). A burlesque on the Decadent movement with private whipping clubs and other flagellatory adventures from noted poet, playwright, and humorist John Davidson.[64]
  • Tales of Fun and Flagellation (1896) by Lady Gay Spanker [pseud.].[65] A diverse collection of anecdotes and stories.[66]
  • The Torture Garden (1899) by Octave Mirbeau An allegorical examination of Western society, and of the human condition.
  • The Memoirs of Dolly Morton: The Story of A Woman's Part in the Struggle to Free the Slaves, An Account of the Whippings, Rapes, and Violences that Preceded the Civil War in America, with Curious Anthropological Observations on the Radical Diversities in the Conformation of the Female Bottom and the Way Different Women Endure Chastisement (1899) under the pseudonym Jean de Villiot, probably Hugues Rebell[67] or Charles Carrington. Edited and published in London and Paris by Charles Carrington.[68] Another edition was published in Philadelphia in 1904.[69]
  • Lashed into Lust: The Caprice of a Flagellator (1899)[70] by Anonymous. – French novel reprinted in 1908 with "James Lovebirch" as author. Reprinted in 2000 by Blue Moon Books (New York).

20th century

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  • "Frank" and I (1902) by Anonymous. Originally published in three volumes in England. Edwardian novel of flagellation pornography. A wealthy young man, who is "a lover of the rod", takes in "Frank", a teenage girl disguised as a boy. A 1983 film was released under the alternative titles Frank and I and Lady Libertine.
  • Woman and Her Master (1904) by Jean de Villiot, pseudonym of Georges Grassal – a novel of flagellation erotica translated into English by Charles Carrington from the original 1902 French edition, La Femme et son maître.[71]
  • Birch in the Boudoir (1905) by anonymous (attributed to Hugues Rebell, real name Georges Grassal), translated and published in Paris by Charles Carrington. Reprinted in 1989 by Blue Moon Books as Beauty in the Birch. – An exchange of racy letters about the amatory and disciplinary experiences of a new master of an English school for wayward girls and a woman living in an Arabian harem.
  • La Flagellation Passionnelle (1906) by Don Brennus Aléra, pseudonym of Paul Guérard. Between 1903 and 1936 he wrote and illustrated around 100 historical and contemporary novels about flagellation and crossdressing petticoat punishment.
  • Les Onze Mille Verges (The eleven thousand rods) by Guillaume Apollinaire – written in the 1906–1907 period; the publication is unsigned and undated. Picasso thought this was the finest book he had ever read.[72]
  • Sadopaideia: Being the Experiences of Cecil Prendergast Undergraduate of the University of Oxford Shewing How he was Led Through the Pleasant Paths of Masochism to the Supreme joys of Sadism. (1907) by anonymous. – Two-volume tale of a man who experiences both dominance and submission. Anthony Storr attributes it to Algernon Charles Swinburne.[73]
  • The Beautiful Flagellants of New York (1907) by Lord Drialys (The Society of British Bibliophiles [Charles Carrington]: Paris) – follows an intrepid traveller's adventures from Chicago to Boston to New York. Originally published in three volumes, one for each city.[74] Reprinted by Olympia Press as The Beautiful Flagellants of Chicago, Boston and New York.
  • The Way of a Man with a Maid (ca. 1908) by Anonymous. First published in France, exact date and author unknown. Three-volume Edwardian novel of abduction, sex and sadism. Often reprinted as a single volume under the shorter title A Man with a Maid. Adapted to film in 1975 called What the Swedish Butler Saw.
  • La Comtesse au fouet (1908), by Pierre Dumarchey (Pierre Mac Orlan)[75] – the story of a cruel dominatrix who turns the male hero into a "dog-man". Under the pen-name Miss Sadie Blackeyes, he wrote popular flagellation novels such as Baby douce fille (1910), Miss: The memoirs of a young lady of quality containing recollections of boarding school discipline and intimate details of her chastisement (1912), and Petite Dactylo et autres textes de flagellation (1913). And as "Anonymous" wrote Masochists in America (Le Masochisme en Amérique: Recueil des récits et impressions personnelles d'une victime du féminisme) (1905).
  • Coups de Fouet (1908) by Lord Birchisgood [pseud.] (Édition Parisienne, Roberts & Dardailons Éditeurs: Paris).[76] Author of Le Tour d'Europe d'un flagellant (1909),[77] et al.
  • Les Cinq fessées de Suzette (Five Smackings of Suzette) (1910) by James Lovebirch [pseud.], published in Paris. Author of many popular flagellation novels such as L'Avatar de Lucette (The Misadventures of Lucette), Peggy Briggs, Au Bon Vieux Temps (all from 1913), and The Flagellations of Suzette (1915), Paris: Library Aristique.[78]
  • Qui Aime Bien (1912) by Jacques d'Icy, pseudonym of author and artist Louis Malteste[79] (Jean Fort: Paris), illustrated by Malteste. Writer of many books of spanking/whipping erotica such as: Chatie Bien (1913), Monsieur Paulette et Ses Epouses (1921), Paulette Trahie (1922), Brassée de faits (1925), Les Mains Chéries (1927), et al.
  • Le règne de la cravache et de la bottine (The Reign of the Riding Crop and the Boot) (1913) by fr:Roland Brévannes, pseudonym of Paul Guérard (Select Bibliothèque: Paris) – humiliating animal roleplay, female-dominated men are forced to crawl about in bear suits. A theme explored in several of his books; in Les Esclaves-montures (Slave Mountings) (1920) and Le Club des Monteurs Humaines (1924), men are turned into obedient cart ponies.
  • Fred: The True History of a Boy Raised as a Girl (1913) by Don Brennus Alera, pseudonym of Paul Guérard – classic story of humiliating petticoat punishment (Pinafore eroticism). Followed by the sequels Frederique (1921), Frida (1924), Fridoline (1926), and Lina Frido (1927).
  • Ulysses (1918–1920; 1922) by James Joyce employs themes of masochism,[78] especially in the "Circe" section which has multiple allusions to Venus in Furs.[80]
  • Two Flappers in Paris (1920) by "A. Cantab" [pseud.] – two young women visiting Paris are lured into a flagellatory brothel.[81]
  • L'histoire de l'œil (Story of the Eye) (1928) by Georges Bataille – A short novel.
  • Le Dressage de la Maid-Esclave (1930) by Bernard Valonnes, pseudonym of Paul Guérard (Select Bibliothèque: Paris) – two-volume story of women trained as cart-pulling ponygirl slaves.
  • Bagne de femmes (Jail for Girls) (1931) by Alan Mac Clyde [pseud.], Librairie Générale: Paris. One of the earliest of dozens of sadomasochistic novels by this unknown author. Followed by Dressage (1931), La Cité de l'horreur (1933), Servitude (1934), Dolly, Esclave (1936), et al.
  • Dresseuses d'hommes (1931) by Florence Fulbert (Jean Fort: Paris), illustrated by Jim Black [Luc Lafnet].[82] Story of men dominated and punished by women.
    Luc Lafnet
  • La Volupté du Fouet (The Pleasure of the Whip) (1938) by Armand du Loup, illustrated by famous French artist Étienne Le Rallic under the alias R. Fanny.
  • Story of O (1954) by Pauline Réage – To prove her love, the protagonist submits to being kept in a château and abused by a group of men, one her official lover. Later, she resumes her normal life, while secretly becoming the property of a friend of her lover's.[83] It was made into a film in 1975.
  • The Whip Angels (1955) by XXX or Selena Warfield, pseudonyms of Diane (née de Beauharnais) Bataille, second wife of French writer Georges Bataille (The Olympia Press: Paris)[84] – a pastiche of a Victorian erotic novel.
  • L'Image (1956) by Jean de Berg (pseudonym of Catherine Robbe-Grillet). In 1975, it was made into a film, The Image, also titled as The Punishment of Anne.
  • The Passionate Lash or The Revenge of Sir Hilary Garner (c. 1957) by Alan McClyde [pseud.] (Pall Mall Press: Paris) – Alan Mac Clyde was a popular house name used for English-language erotic books from the 1950s onward
  • The English Governess (Ophelia Press, 1960), revised as Harriet Marwood, Governess (1967) by John Glassco[85] under the pseudonym, "Miles Underwood".[86]
  • Gordon (1966) by Edith Templeton – once-banned novel about a woman in postwar London who falls into an intense submissive relationship with a psychiatrist.
  • Tarnsman of Gor (1967) by John Norman – first in a series of 35 (as of this date) erotic science fiction novels set on the planet Gor. The novels describe an elaborate culture of sexual master/slave relationships which have spawned a BDSM lifestyle subculture of followers who call themselves Goreans.
  • Je... Ils... (1969) by Arthur Adamov – With stories like Fin Août. About Masochism, regarded as an "immunisation against death", but does not aim at erotic arousal.
  • Hogg (1969) by Samuel Delany.
  • The Marquesa de Sade: Erotic Mistress of Exquisite Evil (1970) by Joseph LeBaron [pseud.] (Hanover House: North Hollywood) – adapted from the film produced by Jaybird Enterprises.
  • Gravity's Rainbow (1973) by Thomas Pynchon.
  • Memoirs of a Slave (1976) by Rene Michel Desergy (Janus Publications: London) – a typical example of the many books and magazines fetish publisher Janus produced in the 1970s.
  • Pagan Sex Orgy (1976) by Randy Palmer (Eros Publishing Co., Inc.: Wilmington, Delaware) – reflects the 1970s revival of occultism in books and film. Cover and illustrations by Bill Ward.[citation needed]
  • 9½ Weeks (1978) an erotic memoir by Elizabeth McNeill, later made into the film 9½ Weeks starring Kim Basinger and Mickey Rourke in 1986.
  • Spanking the Maid (1982) by Robert Coover
  • The Correct Sadist (1983) by Terence Sellers (Grove Press: New York City) – reverses the dominant-submissive roles of The Story of O to create a post-feminist American myth about power.[87][88]
  • Die Klavierspielerin (Reinbeck, 1983) by Elfriede Jelinek, made into the film The Piano Teacher by director Michael Haneke.
  • Anne Rice's sadomasochistic writing includes: Exit to Eden (1985), Belinda (1986), and The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty (1983) and its sequels, Beauty's Punishment (1984) and Beauty's Release (1985). The Sleeping Beauty books she wrote as A.N. Roquelaure.
  • The Hellbound Heart (1986), by popular horror writer Clive Barker, is a gruesome study of sadomasochism featuring brutal rituals by demonic entities.[89]
  • Macho Sluts (1988) by Pat Califia[90]
  • Something Leather (1990) by Alasdair Gray has as its framing story an initiation into sadomasochistic activities by the female operators of a leather clothing shop in Glasgow.
  • American Psycho (Vintage, 1991) by Bret Easton Ellis.
  • The Wet Forever (1991) by David Aaron Clark, about the sadomasochistic relationship between a grifter named Janus and a dominatrix named Madchen.[91]
  • The Ties that Bind (Le Lien) (1993) by Vanessa Duriès.
  • Matriarchy: Freedom in Bondage, 1997 by Malcolm McKesson[92] (An Outsider artist) – A boy undergraduate student in Harvard college is dominated by his mistress, and forced to dress as a woman.
  • Killing Me Softly (1999) by Nicci French. Made into a film of the same name in 2002 starring Heather Graham

21st century

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Mainstream films

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The following films feature BDSM as a major plot point.[96]

Dramas:

Comedy:

Thrillers/Horrors:

Television

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  • Full Exposure: The Sex Tapes Scandal (1989), made-for-TV film. Police investigate underground S&M clubs looking for a serial killer. Vanessa Williams plays a hooker/dominatrix who videotapes her clients.
  • Mercy (film) (2000) HBO cable-television movie starring Ellen Barkin and Peta Wilson. Murder mystery leads to a secret S&M society.
  • Jack of All Trades is a comedy-adventure series set in the 19th century starring Bruce Campbell. In the episode "X Marquis the Spot" (2000), Jack visits the island resort of the Marquis de Sade and competes in an S&M-themed obstacle course race that parodies Survivor.
  • Doc Martin, British television comedy-drama series starring Martin Clunes. In the episode "Old Dogs" (2005), the title character is consulted by a man who seems to have a habit of inexplicably injuring himself; it is later revealed that the man and his wife engage in BDSM, with the husband as the submissive.
  • Secret Diary of a Call Girl (2007); in the fourth episode, "Belle" (Billie Piper) takes BDSM lessons from a professional dominatrix as a favor for her accountant who is a closet submissive.
  • Dollhouse (2009); the beginning of the 9th episode shows Echo (Eliza Dushku), returning from an assignment as a leather-clad whip-wielding dominatrix.
  • On the Alias (2003) 2nd-season episode "Second Double", Agent Bristow (Jennifer Garner) goes undercover as a German dominatrix in a Berlin leather bar.
  • The FOX series The Inside episode "Old Wounds" dealt exclusively with S&M, and was criticized by the Parents Television Council as a result.[98]
  • The television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation has featured Melinda Clarke as professional dominatrix Lady Heather in six episodes, most notably in the 90-minute special episode "Lady Heather's Box".[99]
  • Season 4 of HBO series Six Feet Under features a character (Joe) who wants to adopt a submissive sexual role in his relationship with Brenda.[citation needed]
  • A Family Guy gag (from the episode "Let's Go to the Hop") depicts main characters Lois and Peter suiting up for a sadomasochistic session while having a mundane conversation about how wholesome their children are, and why they can be trusted. Toys have been made of this scene.[100] In the audio commentary for that episode it is noted that such a practice seemed normal to them.
  • Season 1 of the FOX medical drama House, episode "Love Hurts" a patient is deeply involved in a BDSM relationship.
  • Rex Van de Kamp of Desperate Housewives was unveiled as a lover of S&M, much to the disgust of his wife, Bree.[101] In Come Back to Me, Sharon Lawrence plays Maisy Gibbons, a dominatrix who walks across Rex's back in stiletto heels.
  • Season 2 of NBC's Friday night drama Homicide: Life on the Street, in the episode "A Many Splendored Thing".[102] Detectives Bayliss and Pembleton investigate a murder in the S&M club scene. Bayliss expresses his disgust at the 'perversion', but the episode ends with his return to a leather shop, where he purchases a studded and belted leather jacket. This episode is the beginning of the character's sexual awakening, as he becomes comfortable with his bisexual feelings.
  • ER – a professional dominatrix with broken fingers and her male slave, who was injured in a fall during a bondage/suspension session, are admitted to the emergency room.
  • Season 5 of FX's Nip/Tuck has Sean crossing paths with a Hollywood agent (Craig Bierko) with horrific wounds on his chest and the dominatrix (Tia Carrere) who inflicted them on him in the episode "Carly Summers".
  • Rescue Me (2009) – In "Initiation" (Season 5, episode 15), Callie Thorne's character seduces Tommy (Denis Leary) dressed as a cheerleader, Playboy bunny and latex-clad dominatrix. They are briefly seen paddling each other in a fast-motion sequence.
  • Castle, "The Mistress Always Spanks Twice" (ABC, season 2, episode 16, 2010): a murder investigation leads to the underground world of the professional dominatrix.
  • HBO's series, The Sopranos, features multiple characters who engage in sadomasochism.
  • In the anime and manga Gintama, characters Sogo Okita and Sarutobi Ayame often practice sadism and masochism respectively.
  • In the manga Nana to Kaoru by Amazume Ryuta, the protagonista Nana and Kaoru are shown to be in an SM relationship to help Nana with her "breathers". It also depicts different cultural practices related to SM. The manga has been adapted to into OVAs and live-action television movies.
  • Kakegurui – Compulsive Gambler, features Midari Ikishima, a crazed and mentally unstable student with sadistic, masochistic and suicidal tendencies.
  • Konosuba features Darkness, a masochistic crusader who dreams of being ravaged by monsters as well and marrying an abusive alcoholic husband. Ironically, she hates being called by her first name.
  • American Horror Story: AsylumFX network series about an insane asylum in 1964 run by a sadistic nun, Sister Jude (Jessica Lange). In "Welcome to Briarcliff" (episode 2:1, 2012) and "Tricks and Treats" (2:2) she canes a male patient. In "Unholy Night" (2:8), a deranged male patient gets revenge for being beaten (seen in brief flashback) by caning Sister Jude.
  • Holby City episode 356 (#41 of Series 9, (2007)) involves a man being admitted to hospital with a stiletto heel in his chest. His Dominatrix, who accompanies him to hospital, has been trampling him, and penetrated his ribs.
  • Mom - Season 2 Episode 9 (2015) - When Christy (Anna Faris) discovers that her single neighbor, Andy (Colin Hanks) has a dungeon in his apartment, he appears and hands her the other end of the leash attached to the collar around his neck.
  • Bonding (2019) – Netflix series about a psychology student moonlighting as a dominatrix who recruits her gay best friend from high school as her reluctant assistant.

Stage

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Poetry

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Music

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Opera

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See also

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References

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Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Storr 2013, p. 87.
  2. ^ Kucich 2009.
  3. ^ Schwabsky 2004, p. 66.
  4. ^ MacCormack, Patricia (3 October 2002). "Barbara Steele's Ephemeral Skin: Feminism, Fetishism and Film". Senses of Cinema. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  5. ^ "Sadism, Masochism, Food and Television". The Amateur Gourmet. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009.
  6. ^ Kearney 1982, pp. 34–46.
  7. ^ Muchembled 2008, p. 77.
  8. ^ Storr 2013, p. 88.
  9. ^ Henderson 2008, p. 15.
  10. ^ Largier 2007, p. 339.
  11. ^ Thomas 1969, p. 278.
  12. ^ Wood 1995, p.1 "Derivations and Definitions"..
  13. ^ Bloch 2002, pp. 249–250.
  14. ^ Young 2008, p. 124.
  15. ^ Mudge 2000, p. 246.
  16. ^ Fowler & Jackson 2003, p. 169.
  17. ^ Binhammer 2003, pp. 471–498.
  18. ^ a b Potter 2009, pp. 87–104.
  19. ^ Eliot 2000, pp. 61–93.
  20. ^ Bold 1983, p. 107.
  21. ^ Marcus 2009, p. 142.
  22. ^ Kendrick 1996, p. 168.
  23. ^ Hirschfeld & Haire 1952, p. 312.
  24. ^ Bloch 1903, p. 88.
  25. ^ Heath 1983, p. 271.
  26. ^ Heath 1992, p. 75.
  27. ^ Thomas 1969, p. 271.
  28. ^ Savran 1998, pp. 15, 323.
  29. ^ Weigle 2007, p. 24.
  30. ^ Scheiner 1996, pp. 91–113.
  31. ^ Sigel 2005, pp. 105–116.
  32. ^ Lewis 1982, p. 158.
  33. ^ Anderson 1995, p. 95.
  34. ^ Kanner 1988, p. 539.
  35. ^ Marcus 2017, p. 75.
  36. ^ Bloch 1938, p. 361.
  37. ^ Green & Karolides 2005, p. 93.
  38. ^ White 2003.
  39. ^ Simpson 1987, p. 199.
  40. ^ Bloch 1938, pp. 360, 450.
  41. ^ a b Weinberg & Kamel 1983, p. 139.
  42. ^ Ashbee 1877, pp. 246–251.
  43. ^ Rosset & Jordan 1984, p. 117.
  44. ^ Thomas 1969, p. 276.
  45. ^ Saville 2000, pp. 153–154.
  46. ^ Heller 1997, pp. 9–14.
  47. ^ Dostoyevsky 2005, Chapter VIII: Over The Brandy.
  48. ^ Thomas 1979, pp. 109, 215–6.
  49. ^ Kearney 1981, p. 164.
  50. ^ Lansbury 1985, p. 105.
  51. ^ Bullough, Faan & Bullough 1993, p. 211.
  52. ^ Ekins & King 2002, appendix 1.
  53. ^ a b Sweet 2001, p. 216.
  54. ^ Grieveson & Krämer 2004, p. 59.
  55. ^ Pearsall 1983, pp. 321, 364.
  56. ^ Mendes 1993, p. 319.
  57. ^ a b Bold 1983, pp. 94, 97, 102.
  58. ^ Cuddon & Preston 1998, p. 688.
  59. ^ Bracher 1993, pp. 86–87.
  60. ^ Anderson 1995, pp. 99–106.
  61. ^ Bold 1983, p. 97.
  62. ^ Whitman 1963, p. 64.
  63. ^ Kyle-Keith 1961, p. 30.
  64. ^ Sloan 1995, p. 131.
  65. ^ Bending 2000, p. 267.
  66. ^ Fryer 1968, p. 12.
  67. ^ Kearney 1982, p. 161.
  68. ^ Goldman & Falk 2003, p. 514.
  69. ^ Library Company of Philadelphia 1996, p. 28.
  70. ^ Lange 1903, p. 104.
  71. ^ Schick 1999, p. 143.
  72. ^ Sigel 2005, p. 132.
  73. ^ Kearney 1981, p. 215.
  74. ^ Lacaze-Duthiers 1956, p. 55.
  75. ^ Baines 2000, p. 207.
  76. ^ Bécourt 1961, p. 22.
  77. ^ Kearney 1981, p. 324.
  78. ^ a b Watt 1996, pp. 74–88.
  79. ^ Kearney 1981, p. 236.
  80. ^ Gifford & Seidman 1989, p. 502.
  81. ^ Baldick 2002, p. 384.
  82. ^ Stirratt & Johnson 2003.
  83. ^ Wood 1995, p.2, "Sadomasochistic Literature in Earlier Cultures". "Pauline Réage's The Story of O (1954) made a great impact on lesbian erotic writing...".
  84. ^ Bak 2004, p. 217.
  85. ^ Lecaros 2001, p. 280.
  86. ^ Sutherland 1984, pp. 34, 52–53.
  87. ^ Gilbert 1993, p. 66.
  88. ^ Codrescu 1989.
  89. ^ Badley 1996, p. 96.
  90. ^ Wood 1995, p.4, "Pat Califia".
  91. ^ Perkins 2006, pp. 245–46.
  92. ^ "Indie presses light fuses under the book biz". New York Magazine. 16 June 1997. pp. 16–17.
  93. ^ Gusev 2003.
  94. ^ Sands 2011.
  95. ^ Messud, Claire (June 2011). "Never the Face". Guernica. Archived from the original on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  96. ^ "Sadism and masochism in mainstream film". www.jahsonic.com. Archived from the original on 2008-01-03. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  97. ^ Scott, A. O. (22 November 2000). "FILM REVIEW; Masochists Always Hurt The Ones They Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  98. ^ Schulenburg, Caroline. "The Inside on Fox - Worst Family TV Shows of the Week". www.parentstv.org. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  99. ^ "CSI Files - Lady Heather's Box". www.csifiles.com. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  100. ^ crawford, Michael. "Family Guy Nighttime Peter and Lois action figures - Another Toy Review by Michael Crawford, Captain Toy". www.mwctoys.com. Archived from the original on 2007-12-30. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  101. ^ "DVD to Feature Extra Dirty 'Housewives'". Fox News. 8 February 2005. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 15 December 2007.
  102. ^ ""Homicide: Life on the Street" A Many Splendored Thing (TV Episode 1994)". www.imdb.com.
  103. ^ Styan 1986, p. 188.
  104. ^ Canfield 1997, pp. 106–107.
  105. ^ a b Savran 1998, p. 20.
  106. ^ Love 1993, pp. 119–153.
  107. ^ Knight 2017, p. 129.
  108. ^ Whyte 1995, p. 216.
  109. ^ Lycett, Andrew (12 March 2001). "Erotic heaven". New Statesman.
  110. ^ Nelson 2010, p. 10.
  111. ^ Bragman 1934, pp. 59–74.
  112. ^ Hammill 2009, pp. 279–296.
  113. ^ Tom Lehrer in Concert, London, 1959.
  114. ^ "Whip In My Valise". www.antlady.nl. Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
  115. ^ "Rubber People". www.antlady.nl. Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
  116. ^ "B-Side Baby". www.antlady.nl. Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
  117. ^ "Ligotage". www.antlady.nl. Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
  118. ^ "Beat my Guest". www.antlady.nl. Archived from the original on 2010-11-20. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
  119. ^ "Blogger". lightheadedbooks.blogspot.com.
  120. ^ Egerdahl 2010, pp. 35, 146.
  121. ^ Sean Michaels (16 June 2010). "Rammstein album ban reversed". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  122. ^ Sutherland 1990, p. 307.
  123. ^ Prins 1999, p. 152.
  124. ^ Thomas 1969, p. 280.

Bibliography

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