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List of disasters by cost

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This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Disasters can have high costs associated with responding to and recovering from them. This page lists the estimated economic costs of relatively recent disasters.

The costs of disasters vary considerably depending on a range of factors, such as the geographical location where they occur. When a large disaster occurs in a wealthy country, the financial damage may be large, but when a comparable disaster occurs in a poorer country, the actual financial damage may appear to be relatively small. This is in part due to the difficulty of measuring the financial damage in areas that lack insurance. For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, with a death toll of around 230,000 people, cost a 'mere' $15 billion,[1] whereas in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in which 11 people died, the damage was six times higher.

The most expensive disaster in human history is the Chernobyl disaster, costing an estimated $700 billion.[2] Chernobyl's circumstances make it a unique but particularly devastating situation that is unlikely to ever happen again. Estimations have only increased over time, with the recent figure coming from the release of new government data up to 2016.[2] Furthermore, the cost is expected to perpetually increase for several thousand years as cleanup operations and the economic impact of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone continue indefinitely.[3] The most expensive natural disaster is the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, costing an estimated $360 billion.[4]

Over $1 billion

[edit]

This table lists disasters which are estimated to have an economic cost of at least 1 billion United States dollars without taking inflation into account.

List of disasters by cost
Cost ($billion) Fatalities Event Type Year Nation(s)
Actual Inflated to
(2023 unless
otherwise stated)
$2400 – 9000[5] $2400 – $9000 5,545,000 in 2019 Usage of lead in gasoline and plumbing Lead poisoning 1920s–present Global
$700[2] $900 30–500 Chernobyl disaster Contamination (Radioactive) 1986 Soviet Union Soviet Union (Ukraine, Belarus, Russia)
$360[6][7][4] $488 19,759 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami + Fukushima nuclear disaster Undersea Megathrust Earthquake, Tsunami, Contamination (Radioactive) 2011 Japan Japan
$200[8] $399.9 5,502 – 6,434 Great Hanshin earthquake Earthquake 1995 Japan Japan
$163.6[9][10] $164 59,259 - 62,013 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake Earthquake 2023 West Asia ( Turkey,  Syria)
$148[11] $209 87,587 2008 Sichuan earthquake Earthquake 2008 China China
$125[12] $195 1,245 – 1,836 Hurricane Katrina Tropical cyclone 2005 United States United States
$125[12] $155 107 Hurricane Harvey Tropical cyclone 2017 United States United States
$113[12] $127 161 Hurricane Ian Tropical cyclone 2022 North America (United States, Cuba, Venezuela, others)
$105[13][14] $124 6,511 2020 South Asian floods Flood 2020 South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, others)
$91.6[12] $114 3,057 – 8,498[15] Hurricane Maria Tropical cyclone 2017 North America (Puerto Rico, Dominica, Guadeloupe, others)
$75[16] $84 107 Hurricane Ida Tropical cyclone 2021 North America (United States, Cuba, Venezuela, others)
$70[17] $82 451 2019–20 Australian bushfire season Wildfire 2019-20 Australia Australia
$68.7[12] $91 233 Hurricane Sandy Tropical cyclone 2012 North America (United States, Haiti, Cuba, others)
$64.8[12] $81 134 Hurricane Irma Tropical cyclone 2017 North America (United States, Sint Maarten, Collectivity of Saint Martin, others)
$64[18] $72 243 2021 European floods Flood 2021 Europe (Germany, Belgium, Romania, others)
$60 – $100[19] $84 – $140 11 Deepwater Horizon oil spill Contamination (Oil) 2010 United States United States
$53.25[20] $131 5,000+ 1988–1990 North American drought Drought 1988-89 United States United States, Canada Canada
$49.6 – $56.1[21] $65 – $73 104 2012–2013 North American drought Drought 2012-13 United States United States, Canada Canada
$49[22] $101 57 1994 Northridge earthquake Earthquake 1994 United States United States
$46[23] $58 273 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes Earthquake 2016 Japan Japan
$45.7[24] $62 815 2011 Thailand floods Flood 2011 Thailand Thailand
$40[25] $54 185 2011 Christchurch earthquake Earthquake 2011 New Zealand New Zealand
$40[26] $45 1,700 2022 Pakistan floods Flood 2022 Pakistan Pakistan
$38[12] $54 214 Hurricane Ike Tropical cyclone 2008 North America (United States, Haiti, Cuba, others)
$32[27][28] $38 278[29] 2020 China floods Flood 2020 China China
$28.4[30] $28.4 137 Typhoon Doksuri Tropical cyclone 2023 Southeast Asia (

China, Philippines, Taiwan, others)

$28[31][32] $45 68 2004 Chūetsu earthquake Earthquake 2004 Japan Japan
$27.4[12] $43 87 Hurricane Wilma Tropical cyclone 2005 North America (United States, Mexico, Haiti, others)
$27.3[12] $59.3 65 Hurricane Andrew Tropical cyclone 1992 United States United States
$26.5[33] $29.8 237[34][35][36][37] February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm Winter storm, Infrastructure failure (electric) 2021 North America (United States, Mexico, Canada)
$26.1[12] $42.1 124 Hurricane Ivan Tropical cyclone 2004 North America (United States, Grenada, Jamaica, others)
$25.1[38] $30.5 74 Hurricane Michael Tropical cyclone 2018 North America (United States, Cuba, Honduras, others)
$24.0[21] $29.1 103 2018 California wildfires Wildfire 2018 United States United States
$22.3 [39] $30.2 111 2011 Sikkim earthquake Earthquake 2011 Southern Asia (India, Nepal, Bangladesh, others)
$21.8 – $135[40] $37.5 – $232.3 2,996 September 11 terrorist attacks Terror attack 2001 United States United States
$21.1 [41] $22 4,361-20,000 Storm Daniel Tropical cyclone, Dam failure 2023 Libya Libya, Greece Greece
$20 [42] $74 4,900 1980 Irpinia earthquake Earthquake 1980 Italy Italy
$20[43] $20.8 24,501 2022 European heatwaves Heatwave 2022 Europe (France, Spain, Germany, others)
$19.2 $32.5 110 2002 European floods Flood 2002 Central Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, others)
$19.1[27][44] $22.5 77 Hurricane Laura Tropical cyclone 2020 North America (United States, Dominican Republic, Haiti, others)
$18.6 (official estimated)
[citation needed] 		$20.9 398 (official confirmed) 2021 Henan floods Flood 2021 China China
$18.5[12] $28.9 97 – 125 Hurricane Rita Tropical cyclone 2005 United States United States
$17.9 (official estimated)
[citation needed] 		$21.3 108 (official confirmed) Typhoon Hagibis Tropical cyclone 2019 Japan Japan
$17.6 (estimated) [45] $17.6 360 2024 Noto earthquake Earthquake 2024 Japan Japan
$17.6[46] $32.2 140 Cyclone Lothar European windstorm 1999 Western Europe (France, Germany, Italy, others)
$16.9[12] $27.3 35 Hurricane Charley Tropical cyclone 2004 North America (United States, Jamaica, Cuba)
$16.0[47] $22.7 308 2009 L'Aquila earthquake Earthquake 2009 Italy Italy
$16.0[48] $17 ≥52 Hurricane Otis Tropical cyclone 2023 Mexico Mexico
$15.8[49] $21 27 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes Earthquake 2012 Italy Italy
$15.1[50][51] $19.2 603 Hurricane Matthew Tropical cyclone 2016 North America (Haiti, United States, Cuba, others)
$15 – $20[52] $31.6 – $42.2 47 Great Flood of 1993 Flood 1993 United States United States
$15.0[53] $35 197 Cyclones Daria, Vivian, and Wiebke European windstorm 1990 Western Europe (United Kingdom, Germany, France, others)
$15[1] $24.2 230,000 – 280,000 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami Earthquake, Tsunami 2004 Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, others)
$15.0[54] $21 56,000 2010 Russian heat wave Wildfire, Heatwave 2010  Russia
$15.0[55][56] $18.6 44 October 2017 Northern California wildfires Wildfire 2017 United States United States
$15 – $30[57] $21 – $41.9 525 2010 Chile earthquake Earthquake 2010  Chile
$15[58] $17.7 218 2020 Beirut explosion Ammonium nitrate explosion 2020 Lebanon Lebanon
$14.5[59] $24 72,000 2003 European heatwave Heatwave 2003 Europe (Italy, France, Spain, others)
$14.2[60] $36.6 38,000 1988 Armenian earthquake Earthquake 1988  Armenia ( Soviet Union)
$14.2[12] $19.2 58 Hurricane Irene Tropical cyclone 2011 North America (United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, others)
$13 – $14[61][27] $15.3 – $16.5 128[62] Cyclone Amphan Tropical cyclone 2020 Eastern South Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, others)
$12.9[63] $18.3 138,366 Cyclone Nargis Tropical cyclone 2008 Myanmar Myanmar
$12.7[64] $16.3 130 November 2015 Paris attacks Terror attack 2015 France France
$11.5[65] $13.5 4[65] August 2020 Midwest derecho Derecho 2020  United States
$11[66] $14 299 August 2016 Central Italy earthquake Earthquake 2016 Italy Italy
$11 [67] $11 17 2023 Emilia-Romagna floods Flood 2023 Italy Italy
$10.4[68] $13.6 12 Typhoon Fitow Tropical cyclone 2013 China China
$10.2[21] $13.8 348 2011 Super Outbreak + Hackleburg–Phil Campbell and Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornadoes Tornado outbreak 2011 United States United States
$10 – $15[69] $12.7 – $19 13 2016 Louisiana floods Flood 2016 United States United States
$10[21] $37 1,700 – 10,000 1980 United States heat wave Drought 1980 United States United States
$10[70] $22.4 64 Typhoon Mireille Tropical cyclone 1991 Japan Japan
$10[71] $18.3 2,415 1999 Jiji earthquake Earthquake 1999  Taiwan
$10[72] $14.7 11 2007 Chūetsu earthquake Earthquake 2007  Japan
$10[73] $12.9 8,964 April 2015 Nepal earthquake Earthquake 2015 Nepal Nepal
$10[53] $14.7 44 Cyclone Kyrill European windstorm 2007 Western Europe (United Kingdom, France, Germany, others)
$10[21] $14.2 16 June 2008 Midwest floods Flood 2008 United States United States
$10[21] $53.5 242,419-655,000 1976 Tangshan earthquake Earthquake 1976 China China
$9.9[74] $12.7 615-727 2014 Ludian earthquake Earthquake 2014  China
$9.89[75] $9.9 761-910 Typhoon Yagi Tropical cyclone 2024 Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Vietnam, Philippines, China, others)
$9.86 (official estimated)
[citation needed] 		$11.8 238 (official confirmed) 2018 Japan floods Flood 2018 Japan Japan
$9.8[12][76][77][78] $15.8 50 Hurricane Frances Tropical cyclone 2004 North America (United States, The Bahamas)
$9.5[12] $23.4 60 Hurricane Hugo Tropical cyclone 1989 North America (United States, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, others)
$9.5[79][80] $12.1 2 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire Wildfire 2016 Canada Canada
$9.4[12] $17.6 604 Hurricane Georges Tropical cyclone 1998 North America (Puerto Rico, United States, Dominican Republic, others)
$9.28[81] $11.1 105 Typhoon Lekima Tropical cyclone 2019 Southeast Asia (China, Philippines, Malaysia, others)
$9[82] $14.5 28 Typhoon Songda Tropical cyclone 2004 Japan Japan
$8.8[83] $9.2 4 2022 Fukushima earthquake Earthquake 2022 Japan Japan
$8.5[84] $15.5 17,127-18,373 1999 İzmit earthquake Earthquake 1999 Turkey Turkey
$8.5[12] $14.6 55 Tropical Storm Allison Tropical cyclone 2001 United States United States
$8.4[85] $8.4 11 Cyclone Gabrielle Tropical cyclone 2023 New Zealand New Zealand
$8.3[12] $11.7 153 Hurricane Gustav Tropical cyclone 2008 North America (United States, Cuba, Haiti, others)
$8.1 – $14[86][87] $11.3 – $19.6 100,000 – 220,000 2010 Haiti earthquake Earthquake 2010 Haiti Haiti
$8[88] $18.7 45,000 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake Earthquake 1990 Iran Iran
$7.9[12] $12.7 3,035 Hurricane Jeanne Tropical cyclone 2004 North America (Haiti, United States, Dominican Republic, others)
$7.9[27] $9.3 211 Hurricane Eta Tropical cyclone 2020 North America (Honduras, United States, Guatemala, others)
$7.8[89] $7.8 84+ Cyclone Remal Tropical cyclone 2024 Southern Asia (India, Bangladesh, Myanmar)
$7.6[90] $7.6 7 2023 Slovenia floods Flood 2023 Julian Alps (Slovenia, Austria, Croatia)
$7.5[91] $12.9 20,023 2001 Gujarat earthquake Earthquake 2001 India India, Pakistan Pakistan
$7.3[65] $8.6 5[65] Hurricane Sally Tropical cyclone 2020  United States
$7.3[92] $7.3 31 Tornado outbreak sequence of May 19–27, 2024 Tornado outbreak 2024 United States United States
$7.13[93] $9.2 196 Typhoon Rammasun Tropical cyclone 2014 Southeast Asia (Philippines, Vietnam, China, others)
$7[94] $7 2,960 2023 Al Haouz earthquake Earthquake 2023 Morocco Morocco
$7[95] $17.2 0 Exxon Valdez oil spill Contamination (Oil) 1989 North America (United States, Canada)
$6.7[96] $37.9 229,000 Typhoon Nina + 1975 Banqiao Dam failure Tropical cyclone, Dam failure 1975  China,  Taiwan
$6.5[12] $11.9 74 Hurricane Floyd Tropical cyclone 1999 North America (United States, The Bahamas, Canada)
$6.5[97] $9.6 13 2007 United Kingdom floods Flood 2007 United Kingdom United Kingdom
$6.4[98] $10.6 7 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster Space flight accident 2003 United States United States
$6.3[17] $8.9 173 Black Saturday bushfires Wildfire 2009 Australia Australia
$6.2[99] $7.7 630 2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake Earthquake 2017 Iran Iran, IraqIraq
$6.2[100] $8.8 789 Typhoon Morakot Tropical cyclone 2009 Southeast Asia (Taiwan, China, Philippines, others)
$6.2[101] $6.2 70 Hurricane Beryl Tropical cyclone 2024 Caribbean basin (United States, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela, others)
$6.1[12] $11.4 11,374+ Hurricane Mitch Tropical cyclone 1998 North America (Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, others)
$6.1[53] $8.5 75 Cyclone Xynthia European windstorm 2010 Western Europe (France, Spain, Portugal, others)
$6.1[102] $7.2 7 2020 Petrinja earthquake Earthquake 2020 Balkans (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, others)
$6.1[92] $6.1 6 Tornado outbreak of May 6–10, 2024 Tornado outbreak 2024 United States United States
$6[103] $14.7 63 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake Earthquake 1989  United States
$6[104] $10.6 75 Typhoon Prapiroon Tropical cyclone 2000 Northeast Asia (China, South Korea, Japan, others)
$6[105] $9.9 11 Northeast blackout of 2003 Infrastructure failure (electric) 2003 United States United States, Canada Canada
$6[53] $8.5 26 Cyclone Klaus European windstorm 2009 Southeastern Europe (France, Spain, Italy, others)
$6[106] $7.8 5 2013 Alberta floods Flood 2013 Canada Canada
$5.7[107] $6 33 Tornado outbreak of March 31–April 1, 2023 Tornado outbreak 2023 United States United States
$5.5[53] $8.6 24 Cyclone Gudrun European windstorm 2005 North Europe (United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, others)
$5.5[12] $9.1 51 Hurricane Isabel Tropical cyclone 2003 United States United States
$5.5[108] $11.6 270[108] 1993 Storm of the Century Winter storm 1993  United States
$5.5[109] $5.5 102 2023 Hawaii wildfires Wildfire 2023 United States United States
$5.2[110] $8.1 86,000 – 87,351 2005 Kashmir earthquake Earthquake 2005  Pakistan ,  India
$5.2[111] 19.2 5,000 1980 El Asnam earthquake Earthquake 1980 Algeria Algeria
$5.1[112][113][114] $6.1 84[113][114] Hurricane Dorian Tropical cyclone 2019 North America (The Bahamas,United States,Canada, others)
$5[115] $14.2 10,000 – 35,000 1985 Mexico City earthquake Earthquake 1985 Mexico Mexico
$5[116] $9.7 284 – 590 Typhoon Herb Tropical cyclone 1996 East Asia (China, Taiwan, Japan)
$5[42] $8.3 2,266 2003 Boumerdès earthquake Earthquake 2003 Algeria Algeria
$5[117] $6 5[117] Tropical Storm Imelda Tropical cyclone 2019  United States
$4.7[12] $9.4 63 Hurricane Opal Tropical cyclone 1995 North America (Mexico, Guatemala, United States, others)
$4.7[118] $6.6 0 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull Volcanic eruption 2010  Iceland, Northern Hemisphere (ash cloud only)
$4.67[119] $8.9 11 1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake Earthquake 1997  Italy
$4.6[120][121][122] $6 6,329 – 7,403 Typhoon Haiyan Tropical cyclone 2013 Southeast Asia (Philippines, China, Taiwan, others)
$4.6[123] $4.6 22 2022–2023 California floods Flood 2022-23  United States
$4.5[124] $18.9 136 1979 Montenegro earthquake Earthquake 1979  Yugoslavia (Montenegro, Albania, Croatia)
$4.5 [125] $8.5 114 1997 Central European flood Flood 1997 Central Europe

(Czech Republic, Poland, Germany)

$4.47[126] $8.5 240 1997 Indonesian forest fires + 1997 Southeast Asian haze + Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 Wildfire, subsequent haze and plane crash 1997 Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, others)
$4.4[127] $6.5 78 Cyclone Gonu Tropical cyclone 2007 Oman Oman, Iran Iran
$4.3[128] $4.3 6 Typhoon Mawar Tropical cyclone 2023 West Pacific basin (Japan, Guam, Taiwan, others)
$4.2[129] $7.7 143 1999 Athens earthquake Earthquake 1999 Greece Greece
$4.2[130] $5.5 123 Hurricane Manuel Tropical cyclone 2013 Mexico Mexico
$4.1[21] $6.8 42 Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003 Tornado 2003 United States United States
$4[53] $10.7 22 Great Storm of 1987 European windstorm 1987 Western Europe (United Kingdom, France, Spain, others)
$4[131] $5 98 2017 Chiapas earthquake Earthquake 2017 Mexico Mexico, Guatemala Guatemala
$3.9[132] $6.1 1,673 Hurricane Stan Tropical cyclone 2005 Central America (Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, others)
$3.9[133] $4.4 90 Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021 Tornado 2021 United States United States
$3.74[134] $4.5 134 Typhoon Mangkhut Tropical cyclone 2018 Southeast Asia (Philippines, China, Taiwan, others)
$3.7[135] $3.7 181 2024 Rio Grande do Sul floods Flood 2024 Brazil Brazil, Uruguay Uruguay
$3.6[136] $4.6 7 Cyclone Yasi Tropical cyclone 2011 Australia Australia
$3.6[137] $3.7 93 2022 Luding earthquake Earthquake 2022  China
$3.5[138] $6.4 10,000-30,000 Vargas tragedy Flood, landslide and mudflow 1999  Venezuela
$3.3[139] $4 41 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake Earthquake 2018  Japan
$3.2[140] $17.1 5,000 1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye earthquake Earthquake 1976  Turkey,  Iran
$3.2[141] $8.9 7[142] Space Shuttle Challenger disaster Space flight accident 1986 United States United States
$3.14[143] $4.4 37 2010 Central European floods Flood 2010 Central Europe (Poland, Austria, Czech Republic, others)
$3.1[144] $16.6 8,000 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake Earthquake 1976  Philippines
$3.1[12] $6.7 6 Hurricane Iniki Tropical cyclone 1992 United States United States
$3.1[145] $4.7 5,749 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake Earthquake 2006  Indonesia
$3.1[146] $3.6 4 2019–20 Puerto Rico earthquakes Earthquake 2020 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico
$3.1[147] $3.1 8 2023 Canadian wildfires Wildfire 2023  Canada,  United States
$3.0[12] $7.7 318 Hurricane Gilbert Tropical cyclone 1988 North America (Mexico, Jamaica, Haiti, others)
$3[148] $3.8 676 2016 Ecuador earthquake Earthquake 2016 Latin America (Ecuador, Colombia, Peru
$2.9[21] $3.8 22 June 2012 North American derecho Derecho 2012 United States United States
$2.9[21] $3.5 3 2019 Midwestern U.S. floods Flood 2019 United States United States
$2.8[149] $3.8 158 2011 Joplin tornado Tornado 2011 United States United States
$2.68[150] $4.6 29 AZF chemical plant explosion Explosion 2001 France France
$2.6[151] $6.4 13 1989 Newcastle earthquake Earthquake 1989  Australia
$2.5[21] $3 8 Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019 Tornado 2019 United States United States
$2.5[21] $3.1 2 2017 Montana wildfires Drought, Wildfire 2017 United States United States
$2.5[21] $3.1 0 2017 Minneapolis hailstorm Hailstorm 2017 United States United States
$2.4[152] $2.4 33+ 2024 European floods Flood 2024 Europe (Germany, Switzerland, France, others)
$2.3[153] $3.4 15,000 Cyclone Sidr Tropical cyclone 2007 Southern Asia (Bangladesh, India, China, others)
$2.3[154] $3.3 1,115 2009 Sumatra earthquakes Earthquake 2009  Indonesia
$2.2[21] $2.7 0 2017 Denver hailstorm Hailstorm 2017 United States United States
$2.2[155] $3 642 2011 Van earthquakes Earthquake 2011  Turkey
$2.2[156] $2.2 463-564 Cyclone Mocha Tropical cyclone 2023 Southern Asia (Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, others)
$2.1[21] $2.6 0 Tornado outbreak of March 6–7, 2017 Tornado 2017 United States United States
$2[157] $10.1 1,700 1977 Vrancea earthquake Earthquake 1977 Black Sea basin (Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, others)
$2[158] $3.7 1,900-5,800 1999 Colombia earthquake Earthquake 1999  Colombia
$2[159] $2.7 33 Costa Concordia disaster Maritime disaster 2012 Italy Italy
$2 – $4[160] $2.5 – $5 370 2017 Central Mexico earthquake Earthquake 2017 Mexico Mexico
$2[161] $2 46 2024 Persian Gulf floods Flood 2024 Persian Gulf basin (Oman, Iran, United Arab Emirates, others)
$2[162] $2 10 Hurricane Debby Tropical cyclone 2024 North America and Antiles (United States, Canada, The Bahamas, others)
$2[163] $2.6 26 2013 Moore tornado Tornado 2013 United States United States
$1.9[164] $3.1 1 2003 Tokachi earthquake Earthquake 2003  Japan
$1.9[165] $1.9 6 Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse Bridge collapse 2024  United States
$1.81[166] $1.9 20 Typhoon Hinnamnor Tropical cyclone 2022 East Asia (South Korea, Russia, Japan, others)
$1.8[167] $11.1 8,210 Hurricane Fifi–Orlene Tropical cyclone 1974 Central America (Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, others)
$1.8[168] $2.4 36[168] 2011 Groundhog Day blizzard Winter storm 2011 North America (United States,Canada,Mexico)
$1.7[169] $5.8 165 Piper Alpha explosion Explosion (oil rig) 1988 United Kingdom United Kingdom
$1.7[170] $3.8 138,866 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Tropical cyclone 1991 Southern Asia (Bangladesh, India, China, others)
$1.6[171] $2.8 1,259 2001 El Salvador earthquakes Earthquake 2001 Latin America (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras
$1.6[172] $1.8 2,248 2021 Haiti earthquake Earthquake 2021 Haiti Haiti
$1.56[173] $1.8 41 2020 Elazığ earthquake Earthquake 2020 Turkey Turkey
$1.55[174] $1.8 0 2019 Dallas tornado Tornado 2019 United States United States
$1.5[175] $2.5 34,000 2003 Bam earthquake Earthquake 2003  Iran
$1.5[176] $1.5 0 Hurricane Francine Tropical cyclone 2024  United States,  Mexico
$1.418[177][178] $1.7 5 2020 Nashville tornado Tornado 2020 United States United States
$1.4[179] $1.8 44 Cyclone Winston Tropical cyclone 2016 Fiji Fiji
$1.4[180] $1.7 1,593 Cyclone Idai Tropical cyclone 2019 Southern Africa (Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi, others)
$1.4[181] $1.6 1 2021 Cumbre Vieja volcanic eruption Volcanic eruption 2021  Spain
$1.3[182] $1.5 1 2021 Fukushima earthquake Earthquake 2021 Japan Japan
$1.3[183] $2.7 9,748 1993 Latur earthquake Earthquake 1993 India India
$1.25[184] $1.6 18 Hurricane Odile Tropical cyclone 2014  Mexico,  United States
$1.24 – $2[185] $2.1 – $3.3 15 Cedar Fire Wildfire 2003 United States United States
$1.2 – $1.4[186][27][187] $1.4 – $1.6 0 2020 Calgary hailstorm Hailstorm 2020 Canada Canada
$1.217[188] $11.8 266 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak Tornado outbreak 1965 United States United States
$1.2[92] $1.2 8 2024 Houston derecho Derecho 2024 United States United States
$1.18[189] $2.4 3,063 Typhoon Fred Tropical cyclone 1994 East Asia (China, Taiwan, Japan)
$1.1[190] $1.5 1,901 Typhoon Bopha Tropical cyclone 2012 Philippines Philippines
$1.1[191] $4.6 0 Three Mile Island accident Contamination (Radiation) 1979 United States United States
$1.1[192] $4.1 57 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens Volcanic eruption, Subsequent landslides and mudslides 1980 United States United States
$1.1[193] $1.5 204 Tropical Storm Agatha Tropical cyclone 2010 Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, others)
$1.1[194] $1.1 0 East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment Contamination (Hazardous materials) 2023 United States United States
$1.1[195] $1.1 26-37 2024 Central European floods Flood 2024 Central Europe (Poland, Romania, Czech Republic, others)
$1.08 (official estimated)
[citation needed] 		$1.4 173 (official confirmed) 2015 Tianjin explosions Explosion 2015 China China
$1.07 (official estimated)
[citation needed] 		$11.2 5,098 (official confirmed) Typhoon Vera Tropical cyclone 1959 Japan Japan
$1.06[196] $1.2 102 Typhoon Vamco Tropical cyclone 2020 Southeast Asia (Philippines, Vietnam, others)
$1[197] $10 1,100 1963 Skopje earthquake Earthquake 1963  North Macedonia ( Yugoslavia)
$1[198] $7.3 10,000 1972 Nicaragua earthquake Earthquake 1972  Nicaragua
$1[199] $5.4 23,000 1976 Guatemala earthquake Earthquake 1976  Guatemala,  Belize
$1[200] $1.4 921 Typhoon Ketsana Tropical cyclone 2009 Southeast Asia (Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
$1[201] $2.8 22,540 Armero tragedy Volcano eruption, Mudslides 1985 Colombia Colombia
$1 $1.1 98 Surfside condominium collapse Structure failure 2021 United States United States
$1[202] $4.7 50 1978 Thessaloniki earthquake Earthquake 1978 Greece Greece, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia, Bulgaria Bulgaria
$1[203] $2.7 1,000-5,000 1987 Ecuador earthquakes Earthquake 1987 Ecuador Ecuador
$1[204] $2.2 561 1992 Cairo earthquake Earthquake 1992  Egypt
$1[205] $2.1 1,100 1994 Páez River earthquake Earthquake 1994  Colombia
$1[206] $1.9 145 1998 Adana–Ceyhan earthquake Earthquake 1998  Turkey
$1[207] $1.8 845-894 1999 Düzce earthquake Earthquake 1999 Turkey Turkey
$1[163] $1.8 41 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado Tornado 1999 United States United States
$1[208] $1.3 2,500 2015 Indian heat wave Heatwave 2015  India
$1[209] $1.3 22 2015 Illapel earthquake Earthquake 2015  Chile,  Argentina

Under $1 billion

[edit]

This table lists notable disasters which are estimated to have an economic cost of less than 1 billion United States dollars without taking inflation into account. This includes historical disasters, such as the Great Chicago Fire, which would surpass the value of $1 billion in modern currency.

Note: All damage figures are listed in millions of United States dollars.

List of disasters by cost
Cost Fatalities Event Type Year Nation
$Million $Million (2023)
$935[210][211] $1223 3 2013 Washington, Illinois tornado Tornado 2013 United States United States
$922[212] $1171 14 2016 Great Smoky Mountains wildfires Wildfire 2016 United States United States
$910 (official estimated)[citation needed] $1104 5007 (official confirmed) 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami Earthquake and tsunami 2018 Indonesia Indonesia
$500 – $600[213] $3089 – $3707 71 Cyclone Tracy Tropical cyclone 1974 Australia Australia
$700[214] $1566 800 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption Volcano 1991 Philippines Philippines
$700[215] $948 1 2011 Slave Lake wildfire Wildfire 2011 Canada Canada
$600[216] $3707 335 1974 Super Outbreak + Xenia tornado Tornado outbreak 1974 United StatesCanada United States and Canada
$483[217][218][219] - $543[220] $710 - 798 13 I-35W Mississippi River Bridge collapse Structure failure 2007 United States United States
$500[221] $1466 17 1984 Romeoville petroleum refinery disaster Explosion 1984 United States United States
$370[222] $719 0 Ariane 5 Flight 501 Space flight accident 1996 France French Guiana
$350[223] $1760 1 New York City blackout of 1977 Infrastructure failure (electric) 1977 United States United States
$328[224] $600 0 Mars Climate Orbiter & Mars Polar Lander Space flight accident 1999 United States United States
$273[225] $347 0 Hitomi breakup Space flight accident 2016 Japan Japan
$222[226] $5646 300 Great Chicago Fire Fire 1871 United States United States
$118[227] $184 0 CryoSat-1 Space flight accident 2005 Russia Russia
$25[228][229] $789.3 1,490 – 1,635 Sinking of the Titanic Shipwreck 1912 United Kingdom United Kingdom
$18.1[230] $182 0 Mariner 1 Space flight accident 1962 United States United States
$250[231][178] $2847 90 1953 Worcester tornado Tornado 1953 United States United States

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