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Lists of emperors

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This is a list including all rulers who had carried the title of emperor or who ruled over an empire through history.

Emperors of traditional empires

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Asia

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Empire Duration Title(s) See
Achaemenid Empire 550 BC–330 BC Shahanshah
("King of Kings")
List of Persian monarchs
Maurya Empire 322 BC–184 BC Chakravarti
("ideal universal ruler")
Samrat
("proper ruler")
List of Mauryan emperors
Imperial China 221 BC–1912 皇帝, pronounced Huángdì
("Godly ruler")
List of Chinese emperors
Chola Empire 848–1279 Chakravartigal[1]("ideal universal ruler") List of Tamil monarchs
Khmer Empire 802–1431 Devarāja
("Godly ruler")
Monarchy of Cambodia
Vietnam 544–602
968–1945
皇帝, pronounced Hoàng Đế
("Godly ruler")
List of Vietnamese emperors
Ottoman Empire 1299–1922 Padishah
("Master King")
List of Ottoman emperors
Mongol Empire 1206–1634 Khagan
("Great Khan")
List of Mongol rulers
Mughal Empire 1526–1857 Padishah
("Master King")
Shahenshah
("King of Kings")
List of Mughal emperors
Iranian Empire 1501–1979 Shahanshah
("King of Kings")
List of Persian monarchs
Durrani Empire 1747–1823 Shah List of Afghan monarchs
Japan 660 BC-Present 天皇, pronounced Tennō
("Heavenly Sovereign")

皇帝, pronounced Kōtei
("Godly ruler")

List of emperors of Japan
Korean Empire 1897–1910 皇帝, pronounced Hwangje
("Godly Ruler")
List of monarchs of Korea

Europe

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Empire Duration Title(s) See
Alexandrian Empire 331 BC–301 BC Basileus Alexander the Great
Roman Empire 27 BC–1453 Augustus
Basileus
List of Roman emperors
Empire of Nicaea 1204–1261 Basileus
Empire of Trebizond 1204–1461 Basileus List of Trapezuntine emperors
Empire of Thessalonica 1224–1242 Basileus
Latin Empire 1204–1261 Imperator Latin Emperor
Holy Roman Empire 800–1806 Imperator Holy Roman Emperor
Bulgarian Empire 893–1018
1185–1396
Tsar List of Bulgarian monarchs
Serbian Empire 1346–1371 Tsar List of Serbian monarchs
Spanish colonial empire 1492–1898 Rey List of Spanish monarchs
British colonial empire 1497–1997 King List of British monarchs
Russian Tsardom 1547–1721 Tsar List of Russian monarchs
Russian Empire 1721–1917 Imperator
Austrian Empire 1804–1918 Kaiser List of Austrian monarchs
German Empire 1871–1918 Kaiser List of German monarchs
Indian Empire 1877–1947 King-Emperor Emperor of India
French Empire 1804–1815
1852–1870
Empereur List of French monarchs

Americas

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Empire Duration Title See
Aztec Empire 1375–1521 Hueyi Tlatoani
("great ruler")
Inca Empire 1438–1533 Sapa Inca
("only ruler")
Pre-Conquest Sapa Incas
Post-Conquest Sapa Incas
Empire of Brazil 1822–1889 Imperador List of Brazilian monarchs

Africa

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Empire Duration Title(s) See
Ethiopian Empire 1270–1975 Nəgusä nägäst
("ruler of rulers")
List of Ethiopian emperors

Emperors of short-lived monarchies

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Self-proclaimed "emperors"

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See also Self-proclaimed monarchy and micronation

Fictional emperors

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References

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  1. ^ Thapar, Romila (2004). Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300. University of California Press. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-520-24225-8. The unobtrusive titles used by the early Chola kings were replaced with high-sounding ones, such as chakravartigal (emperor, the equivalent of the northern chakravartin).