Kyiv Hydroelectric Power Plant
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| Kyiv Hydroelectric Station | |
|---|---|
 View on station from Vyshhorod | |
  Location of Kyiv Hydroelectric Station in Ukraine | |
| Location | Vyshhorod, Ukraine |
| Coordinates | 50°35′18.02″N 30°30′44.36″E / 50.5883389°N 30.5123222°E |
| Purpose | Power, navigation |
| Status | Operational |
| Opening date | 1964 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Earth-fill embankment with gravity sections |
| Impounds | Dnieper River |
| Length | 288 m (945 ft) |
| Spillway capacity | 12,500 m3/s (441,433 cu ft/s) |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Kyiv Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 3,780×106 m3 (3,064,496 acre⋅ft) |
| Surface area | 922 km2 (356 sq mi) |
| Power Station | |
| Operator(s) | Ukrhydroenergo |
| Commission date | 1964-1968 |
| Hydraulic head | 12 m (39 ft) |
| Turbines | 20; 4 x 22.7 MW, 16 x 20.5 MW bulb turbine[1] |
| Installed capacity | 418.8 MW |
| Annual generation | 683 GWh |
Kyiv Hydroelectric Station (Ukrainian: Київська ГЕС, romanized: Kyivska HES) is a run-of-river power plant on the Dnieper River in Vyshhorod, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. The 288 m (945 ft) long dam creates the Kyiv Reservoir with the purpose of hydroelectric power generation and navigability with the dam's associated lock. The first of 20 generators in the power station was commissioned in 1964, and the last in 1968. Together with the Kyiv Pumped Storage Power Plant, it creates a hydroelectricity generating complex. It is operated by the Ukrhydroenergo. Turbines for the plant were produced by the Kharkiv Factory Turboatom, and generators by the Kharkiv Factory "Elektrovazhmash".
Construction
[edit]The Kyiv Hydroelectric Power Plant project was developed by the leading project research institute, UkrHydroProekt. Construction began in October 1960 and was carried out by the Kremenchugs'bud Trust collective. Numerous innovative organizational and construction solutions were implemented during the project.
The use of prefabricated reinforced concrete significantly reduced both the construction costs and timeline while improving the quality of the structures. Additionally, the Kyiv HPP pioneered the use of high-frequency technology for installing large concrete constructions,[clarification needed] marking a first in the field of hydroelectric plant construction.
Timeline
[edit]1960
[edit]- October–December: organization of the construction site, weaving the trenches of the pit.
1961
[edit]- June: first concrete plant was built.
- July: start of the pumping of the gateway
- August: first cubic meter of concrete is enclosed in a navigable gateway
- October: beginning of excavation works on the left bank dam
1962
[edit]- January: transition through Dnepr to the transmission line is 35 kV
- March: start of work in the hydroelectric excavation
- May: first cubic meter of concrete is enclosed in the foundation of the hydroelectric power station
1963
[edit]- April: concreting slopes of the left bank dam began
1964
[edit]- September: shipyards were put into operation
- November: flooding of the pit and the Dnipro overpass
- December: commissioning of the first unit of the hydroelectric power station
1965
[edit]Start of units No. 2–4
1966
[edit]Start of units No. 5–10
1967
[edit]Start of units No. 11–16
1968
[edit]Start of units No. 17–20
During the construction of the Kyiv Hydroelectric Power Plant, groundworks were carried out in an amount of 79 400 thousand cubic meters; 825 thousand cubic meters of monolithic concrete was made.
Specifications
[edit]For the first time in the former USSR, the Kyiv Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) used low-pressure horizontal capsule hydro units.
The Kyiv HPP is unique because it was the first in domestic hydropower construction to combine a hydroelectric power plant with a concrete spillway dam featuring 20 waterways.
The hydroelectric power station is 51 meters wide and 285 meters long. It is a connected structure, divided by temperature and sediment seams into five blocks, each containing four horizontal capsule units.
The water reservoir at Kyiv HPP is a channel-type, river reservoir with limited seasonal regulation. The total length of the protective structures is 70 kilometers, and the highest point of the channel dam reaches 22 meters.
The main components of the HPP include:
- The hydroelectric plant with facilities on both the right and left banks
- An open 110 kV distribution unit (GRP)
- A combined concrete spillway dam with 20 waterways.
Other key elements include:
- Right and left bank dams
- A protective dam on the right bank
- A dam between the navigation lock and the power station
- A wave-separating dam
- A channel rowing dam
- A pressureless dam on the left bank
- The Kyiv navigation lock, which is now managed by the State Enterprise "Ukrvodshlyah."
The power plant is equipped with 20 horizontal capsule units, each fitted with PL/GK-600M rotary-blade hydro turbines from the Kharkiv Turbine Plant and SGK-538/160-70 horizontal synchronous generators produced by Electrotyazhmash. After the modernization of these hydro units, the plant’s installed capacity is now 440 MW.
Above the flowing part of the generating premises are located the main generator outputs, oil pressure equipment with speed regulators, pumps, and other related systems.
The upper ceiling of these premises, combined with a deformed metal cover, forms the spillway threshold.[clarification needed]
Russo-Ukrainian War
[edit]On 24 February 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Andrii Nikonchuk died defending the Kyiv Hydroelectric Power Plant from Russian air raids.[2] On 26 August 2024, an energy facility of the complex was damaged in a Russian attack. Throughout the war, concerns have been raised over the effects of flooding caused by a possible dam collapse on the Kyiv area in case of an attack.[3]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "Kiev HPP". Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
- ^ ""Серед його мрій було — опікуватись сиротами". Спогади близьких про Андрія Нікончука, який загинув, захищаючи Київську ГЕС - Життєві історії". Експрес онлайн (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2024-07-19.
- ^ Nate Ostiller (26 August 2024). "Kyiv hydroelectric dam hit during massive Russian attack across Ukraine, aide says". The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Kyiv Hydroelectric Power Plant at Wikimedia Commons
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| Reservoirs | ||
| Hydroelectric stations | ||
| Canals | ||
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- Dams completed in 1964
- Energy infrastructure completed in 1964
- Energy infrastructure completed in 1968
- Hydroelectric power stations in Ukraine
- Hydroelectric power stations built in the Soviet Union
- Run-of-the-river power stations
- Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in Ukraine
- Dams in Ukraine
- Dams on the Dnieper