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File:MH370 satcom analysis October 2014.jpg

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MH370_satcom_analysis_October_2014.jpg (454 × 219 pixels, file size: 27 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary

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Media data and Non-free use rationale
Description Analysis of possible flight paths taken by Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 into the southern Indian Ocean based on communications with an Inmarsat communications satellite.

The aircraft was last tracked heading northwest into the Andaman Sea at 18:22UTC on 7 March 2014. Analysis of transmissions sent from the aircraft at 18:40 determined that the aircraft was traveling south at that time. The maximum cruise range (MRC) was calculated for the aircraft turning shortly after its last sighting on radar and shortly before 18:40 and thereafter traveling south at a constant airspeed and different altitudes. The combined maximum cruise range of all those scenarios is the purple "MRC boundary".

Investigators believe the aircraft was likely on autopilot while traveling south over the Indian Ocean. There are several modes and settings that autopilot can be programmed with. Many candidate paths, based on the autopilot modes, were generated and are the red "Constrained autopilot dynamics" on the graphic.

The candidate paths were then broken into segments at the times when the aircraft sent transmissions to the satellite. The speed and heading at each step was then adjusted (without being constrained by autopilot behaviour) to minimize the discrepancy between the calculated burst frequency offset (BFO) of that path and the burst frequency offset values recorded. These paths are green and labeled "data error optimization".

The overlap between the "constrained autopilot dynamics" and "data error optimization" paths represent the most likely paths taken by Flight 370.

Author or
copyright owner
Joint Investigation Team (overlaying data). The background is from Google Earth and consists of a Landsat image and data from Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States Navy, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), and General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO).
Source (WP:NFCC#4) Original publication: MH370 - Flight Path Analysis Update, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, page 12

Immediate source: MH370 - Flight Path Analysis Update

Date of publication 8 October 2014
Use in article (WP:NFCC#7) Analysis of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 satellite communications
Purpose of use in article (WP:NFCC#8) To illustrate the most recent satellite communications analysis (October 2014) which is guiding the search for article subject.
Not replaceable with
free media because
(WP:NFCC#1)
This is the only form of this data that has been publicly released. It is questionable whether the overlying data is subject to copyright because it represents the results of analysis rather than the creativity requirement of most nations' copyright laws (in particular the US, Australia, and Malaysia). However, even if the data is not copyrighted the background image is copyrighted and replacing the background with a freely-licensed image would be infeasible. Because the data is projected on a globe (with no parameters like coordinates, altitude, and tilt angle of the view), it would be extremely challenging to recreate this graphic "with an acceptable quality sufficient to serve the encyclopedic purpose" (WP:NFC). Specifically, it would be extremely difficult to project/display the candidate paths on a freely-licensed background and almost impossible to reproject the distribution graph with a reasonable degree of accuracy (since its base is along the curvature of the globe).
Minimal use (WP:NFCC#3) Used only on one article, where it is very relevant. It may seem like the right side could be cropped, but it illustrates the distance from Australia (where the base for the search is located). The image is 886 × 428 pixels (379,208 pixels total). The NFC guideline states: "There is no firm guideline on allowable resolutions for non-free content; images should be rescaled as small as possible to still be useful as identified by their rationale, and no larger. ... At the low pixel count end of the range, most common pictorial needs can be met with an image containing no more than about 100,000 pixels. ... At the extreme high end of the range, non-free images where one dimension exceeds 1,000 pixels, or where the pixel count approaches 1 megapixel, will very likely require a close review to verify that the image needs that level of resolution." The image is just large enough for the scale, coordinate labels, and attribution text to be legible, which considering that it was 1/3rd of the pixel size of the "extreme high end", should be fine.

Furthermore, despite being use under fair use, Google's attribution requirements should still be honored:

  1. Google requests that the Google Earth logo is included when images are reused: "You can personally use an image from the application...as long as you preserve the copyrights and attributions including the Google logo attribution." ([1]). Because of their request, use of the "Google Earth" logo cannot be considered a violation of their trademark.
  2. Google requests that "[a]ll uses of..Google Earth Content must provide attribution to both Google and our data providers. We do not approve of any use of content without proper attribution, in any circumstance" and "[t]he attribution text must be legible to the average viewer or reader." (Attribution Guidelines for Google Maps and Google Earth, see also Permission Guidelines for Google Maps and Google Earth: FAQs) In light of their request that the attribution must be legible to the average viewer, the image should not blur/cover or be cropped to exclude the attribution text.
Respect for
commercial opportunities
(WP:NFCC#2)
The data depicted is being presented to the public by investigators to disseminate knowledge about this incident and it is beyond a reasonable doubt that its copyright holders are not interested in seeking commercial gain from the image's dissemination. Although the background image comes from Google Earth, the commercial interest in the background is from the data providers. All are US government agencies whose works are not copyrighted, except SIO and GEBCO. SIO and GEBCO both contributed to seafloor topography. Because of the high altitude of this view, there is little harm to their commercial interests which lie in high-resolution recordings. Additionally, from this high altitude view, the bathymetry data is very similar to the public domain bathymetric data available from the US government.

The overlaid graphics (and the image altogether, as a derivative work) are copyrighted by a multi-national governmental agency. it is copyrighted by the government investigative board. It was published in a report that was licensed CC-BY-4.0, although the inside cover of the report notes that copyright in images supplied by third parties remains with the respective owners. The image is credited to a multi-national government investigation team. That team consists of representatives from Malaysia, China, and Australia (ATSB). Malaysian copyright excludes "government reports" (commons:Commons:Copyright rules by territory#Malaysia); China's copyright law excludes "documents of legislative, administrative and judicial nature" (see commons:Template:PD-PRC-exempt); and Australia's ATSB holds copyright in its works and allows others to "distribute the material acknowledging the Australian Transport Safety Bureau as the source", while its reports are licensed CC-BY-3.0, but in both cases it excludes copyright of third party works used by the ATSB (see [2]). So the bottom line is that there is a low commercial value for using the image and a strong presumption, based on the low copyright restrictions on works by the constituent agencies of the investigation team, that there is a low commercial value for resuing the image.

Fair useFair use of copyrighted material in the context of Analysis of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 satellite communications//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MH370_satcom_analysis_October_2014.jpgtrue

Licensing

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current02:54, 10 April 2017Thumbnail for version as of 02:54, 10 April 2017454 × 219 (27 KB)DatBot (talk | contribs)Reduce size of non-free image (BOT - disable)
09:05, 5 December 2014No thumbnail886 × 428 (87 KB)AHeneen (talk | contribs)Uploading a non-free file using File Upload Wizard

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