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File:Culture Club 1983.jpg

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Summary

Description
English: Culture Club, circa 1983. Pictured left to right; Boy George, Jon Moss, Roy Hay, and Mikey Craig
Date
Source U.S. Press Kit for Colour by Numbers at Worthpoint
eBay no copyright markings are visible on front or back.
Author Mark Lebon; Distributed by Epic Records
Permission
(Reusing this file)

No permission is required for the following reasons:

  1. A search was conducted through the U.S. Copyright Office public catalog, and there is NO record that this was subsequently registered within 5 years of publication. As such, the opportunity for copyright protection on the photo was forfeited and it entered the public domain.
  2. The source images linked above are mechanical scans of the underlying public domain work. These scans are faithful reproductions of the photograph that do not meet the threshold of originality necessary to assert a copyright interest.
    English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."


Licensing

This image is in the public domain because it is a mere mechanical scan or photocopy of a public domain original, or – from the available evidence – is so similar to such a scan or photocopy that no copyright protection can be expected to arise. The original itself is in the public domain for the following reason:
Public domain
This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1978 and March 1, 1989 without a copyright notice, and its copyright was not subsequently registered with the U.S. Copyright Office within 5 years.

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This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate {{PD-old}} tag instead. For usage, see Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag.


Note: This tag applies to scans and photocopies only. For photographs of public domain originals taken from afar, {{PD-Art}} may be applicable. See Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag.

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f7d91cf841e39bfa0dffbbcb7d0194bf59802a27

177,425 byte

1,711 pixel

2,246 pixel

File history

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current19:35, 11 March 2023Thumbnail for version as of 19:35, 11 March 20232,246 × 1,711 (173 KB)PascalHDCropped 6 % horizontally using CropTool with precise mode.
19:34, 11 March 2023Thumbnail for version as of 19:34, 11 March 20232,400 × 1,711 (177 KB)PascalHDhq
16:20, 27 January 2023Thumbnail for version as of 16:20, 27 January 20231,242 × 1,035 (112 KB)PascalHDCropped 22 % horizontally, 19 % vertically using CropTool with precise mode.
16:10, 27 January 2023Thumbnail for version as of 16:10, 27 January 20231,600 × 1,277 (164 KB)PascalHDfront
16:09, 27 January 2023Thumbnail for version as of 16:09, 27 January 20231,600 × 1,275 (80 KB)PascalHDUploaded a work by Epic Records from [https://archive.is/Zxtv3 eBay] with UploadWizard

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