Jump to content

2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike

Coordinates: 33°51′06″N 35°30′28″E / 33.85169°N 35.50776°E / 33.85169; 35.50776
Page extended-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hezbollah headquarters strike
Part of the September 2024 Lebanon strikes, the Israel–Hezbollah conflict, and the spillover of the Israel–Hamas war
An F-15I departing an Israeli air base on 27 September 2024, carrying guided ammunition for the airstrike
Dahieh is located in Lebanon
Dahieh
Dahieh
Location within Lebanon
LocationHaret Hreik, Dahieh, Lebanon
Coordinates33°51′06″N 35°30′28″E / 33.85169°N 35.50776°E / 33.85169; 35.50776
Date27 September 2024
TargetHassan Nasrallah
Attack type
Airstrike
Weapons80+ bombs, including 2,000-pound (910 kg) BLU-109 bunker buster bombs
Deaths33+ (including Nasrallah, other senior Hezbollah commanders, Iranian Revolutionary Guards and civilians)
Injured195+
Perpetrator Israeli Air Force

On 27 September 2024, Hassan Nasrallah, the secretary-general of Hezbollah, was assassinated in an Israeli airstrike in Beirut.[1][2] The strike took place while Hezbollah leaders were meeting at a headquarters located underground beneath residential buildings in Haret Hreik in the Dahieh suburb to the south of Beirut.[2][3] Conducted by the Israeli Air Force's 119th Squadron using F-16I fighters,[4] the operation involved dropping more than 80 bombs,[5] including US-made 2,000-pound (910 kg) bunker buster bombs, destroying the underground headquarters as well as nearby buildings.[6][7] The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) codenamed the operation "New Order" (Hebrew: סדר חדש, romanized: Seder Hadash).

Initially, Nasrallah's condition was uncertain,[8] but on 28 September 2024, the IDF announced his death,[9][10] a claim later confirmed by Hezbollah.[11] His body was recovered from the rubble two days after the strike.[12] The attack resulted in at least 33 fatalities and more than 195 injuries, including civilians.[13][3] Ali Karaki, the Commander of Hezbollah's Southern Front, was also killed in the attack, along with other senior commanders.[2] Iranian reports indicate that Abbas Nilforoushan, deputy commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and commander of the Quds Force in Lebanon, was also killed.[14]

Before the attack, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu addressed the United Nations (UN), reaffirming Israel's dedication to peace and its ongoing campaign against Hezbollah.[7][15][16] Lebanese prime minister Najib Mikati condemned this and prior Israeli attacks on Lebanon,[17][18] and denounced the ongoing Israeli attacks as "a war of extermination."[19] Earlier in September, some of Hezbollah's most severe setbacks occurred,[20][21][22] including the 17 and 18 September explosions of its handheld communication devices and the 20 September assassination of Ibrahim Aqil, commander of the elite Redwan Force.[23] In July another senior Hezbollah military leader, Fuad Shukr, was also assassinated in Beirut.[24] Since 23 September 2024, when Israel began its airstrikes on Lebanon, Israeli attacks have killed over 700 people,[25] injured more than 5,000,[26][27][28] and displaced hundreds of thousands of Lebanese civilians.[29]

Background

See also: Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present), 2024 Lebanon pager explosions, and September 2024 Lebanon strikes
Part of a series on
Hezbollah
Political activities
Military activities
Capabilities
Organizations
Media
People
Secretaries-General
Senior officials

The day after Hamas's 7 October 2023 attacks on Israel, Hezbollah joined the conflict with Israel,[30] claiming solidarity with the "Palestinian resistance".[31][32] Nasrallah said Hezbollah aimed to "strain Israel’s resources" by forcing it to fight on two fronts.[30] Since then, Hezbollah and Israel have been involved in cross-border military exchanges that have displaced entire communities in Israel and Lebanon, with significant damage to buildings and land along the border. From 7 October 2023 to 20 September 2024, there were 10,200 cross border attacks, of which Israel launched 8,300.[33]

Over 96,000 people in Israel[34] and approximately 500,000 in Lebanon have been displaced.[35][36] As of 24 August 2024, there were 564 confirmed deaths in Lebanon, including 133 civilians.[37] Israel and Hezbollah have maintained their attacks at a level that causes harm without escalating into a full-scale war.[38]

Hezbollah has stated it will continue attacking Israel until Israel halts its operations in Gaza.[39] Israel demanded that Hezbollah implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 (UNSCR 1701) and withdraw its forces north of the Litani River.[40][41] Both Israel and Hezbollah have outstanding obligations under UNSCR 1701.[42][43][44] Diplomatic efforts, led by U.S. envoy Amos Hochstein and France, have so far been unsuccessful in resolving the conflict.[45][46] Late on 16 September 2024, the Security Cabinet of Israel established a new Israel-Hamas war objective: the safe return to the north of residents displaced by the cross-border conflict with Lebanon. This goal was added to the two existing objectives: dismantling Hamas and securing the release of hostages taken during the 7 October attacks.[47][48]

On 17 and 18 September 2024, thousands of handheld pagers and walkie-talkies exploded in a coordinated series of attacks.[49] The explosions killed 42 people and injured at least 3,500, including many civilians.[50][51][52] An unnamed Hezbollah official told Reuters 1,500 Hezbollah fighters were taken out of action due to their injuries.[53] Despite Israel denying involvement with the attack,[54] unnamed Israeli sources told Reuters and other media that it was orchestrated by Israel's intelligence service (Mossad) and military.[55][56][49]

In response, Hezbollah, who described the attack as a possible declaration of war by Israel, launched a rocket attack on northern Israel a few days later.[57][58] On 20 September 2024, tensions further rose after Ibrahim Aqil was killed in an Israeli strike in Beirut, along with other senior commanders from the unit.[59][60] After advising Lebanese citizens to evacuate, Israel began airstrikes on 23 September.[61]

On 25 September, the United States and the European Union released a statement calling for a 21-day ceasefire.[62] The statement was also signed by Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Qatar.[63] US officials said that Netanyahu had agreed to this, but the next day Netanyahu denied any involvement in this plan, leaving US officials reportedly "furious".[64] Netanyahu later backtracked, saying he shared the aims of the US proposal.[64]

Hassan Nasrallah

Nasrallah, pictured in 2019

Hassan Nasrallah was a political leader in the Amal Movement, but left after the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon began. He joined Hezbollah shortly after it was formed, and was elected the secretary-general of Hezbollah in 1992.[65][66] He immediately set out to focus Hezbollah on fighting the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon. He led Hezbollah to fight against the 1993 and 1996 Israeli military operations, and after the Qana massacre, his popularity skyrocketed in Lebanon.[67] His time in command transformed Hezbollah into the world's most heavily armed non-state actor,[68] with its paramilitary wing surpassing the Lebanese Army in strength.[69][70] His speeches frequently included anti-Israeli and anti-Western sentiments.[71] Nasrallah also closely aligned with Iran, and influenced Hezbollah in other significant ways throughout his tenure.[4]

While in the 1990s, Nasrallah was popular among Lebanese Shi'ites—and to a certain extent in the Arab and Muslim worlds[72]—he was much disliked by the Israeli and American governments.[73] However, Hezbollah's role in ambushing an Israeli border patrol unit leading up to the 2006 Lebanon War was subject to local and regional criticism.[74] During the Syrian civil war, Hezbollah fought on the side of Bashar al-Assad. While Hezbollah helped Assad stay in power, Hezbollah's popularity sharply declined given that Assad had become a pariah in the Arab world.[75]

Hezbollah's popularity surged again after the start of the Israel-Hezbollah hostilities in October 2023.[75] Under his leadership, Hezbollah faced criticism for its alleged involvement in the 2005 assassination of Lebanese PM Rafic Hariri[76] and the 2020 Beirut port explosion.[76][77] He has also consistently promoted the "Axis of Resistance," a network of Iran-supported militias focused on opposing Israel and the United States.[78]

In October 1992, Israel tried to assassinate Nasrallah.[73] In May 2004, Lebanese officials said they foiled an Israeli plot to kill Nasrallah.[79][73] In the 2006 war, Israel dropped many bombs on buildings that may have housed Nasrallah.[73]

A US official told ABC News that Nasrallah and several associates were in Beirut for a brief visit during the strike.[80] According to The New York Times, Israeli leaders had tracked Hassan Nasrallah's location for months and opted to target him a week before the assassination, believing they had a limited timeframe before he moved elsewhere.[5]

Attack

On 27 September 2024, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) conducted an airstrike on Hezbollah's central headquarters located in the Haret Hreik neighborhood, in the Dahieh suburb of Beirut.[7] Media reports confirmed that Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah was the intended target of the airstrike. The strike was conducted by the 119th "Bat" Squadron, utilizing F-16I Sufa jet-fighters or by the 69th Squadron utilizing F-15I Ra'ams.[81][4] Two officials said that over 80 bombs were dropped within minutes during the operation, though they did not specify the bombs' weight or type.[5] According to The New York Times, the IDF used eight planes fitted with more than fifteen 2,000-pound bombs, including the US-made BLU-109 with a JDAM kit, to kill Nasrallah.

At the time of the strike, Nasrallah and other senior Hezbollah leaders were meeting in a bunker more than 60 feet (18 m) underground.[82]

The strike occurred shortly after Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu addressed the United Nations General Assembly, and vowed that Israel's campaign against Hezbollah would continue.[7] The Prime Minister's Office has shared a photo that it says shows Netanyahu approving the airstrike, seemingly taken before he left to speak at the UN General Assembly. The image reportedly features Netanyahu in his New York hotel with his military secretary and chief of staff.[83]

There was no immediate information on casualties in the strike. IDF spokesperson Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari stated that the target was Hezbollah's main headquarters, located beneath residential buildings. Hezbollah's Al-Manar TV reported that four buildings were reduced to rubble as a result of the explosion, which was so powerful that tremors were felt up to 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Beirut. Ambulances were seen heading to the scene, accompanied by wailing sirens.[7] According to the state owned National News Agency, the raids were a belt of fire that extended from the outskirts of Bourj el-Barajneh, reaching Haret Hreik.[84] Footage taken shortly after the explosion revealed a large crater.[85]

Aftermath

Confirmation of Nasrallah's death

On 28 September 2024, Nasrallah's death was announced by the IDF,[9][10] after which it was confirmed in a statement by Hezbollah.[11][86] The confirmation came a day after the attack was reported. Nasrallah's condition initially remained uncertain beforehand.[8] On 29 September 2024, Nasrallah's body was recovered with no obvious wounds; according to Reuters, two sources suggested he had died from blunt force trauma sustained during the attack.[87]

Other casualties

The area struck by Israel is known to be densely populated. The impacted area consisted of civilian apartment buildings built over subterranean Hezbollah facilities; several structures were completely reduced to rubble and widespread destruction could be seen in the aftermath of the strike.[88] Initial estimates from Israeli defense officials suggest that around 300 people were killed, potentially including Nasrallah's daughter.[3] Reports from the Lebanese health ministry recorded at least 33 fatalities and 195 injuries as of 28 September, though most of the rubble has not been searched yet, and the number is almost certain to rise as dozens are missing.[13]

Hezbollah also confirmed the death of Ali Karaki, Commander of Hezbollah's Southern Front, along with other senior commanders.[89][90][91] Abbas Nilforoushan, deputy commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and commander of the Quds Force in Lebanon was also killed.[14]

Succession

Hashim Safi Al Din, Hezbollah's second in command, is assumed to succeed Nasrallah as the Secretary-General of Hezbollah according to various reports. Safi Al Din is a cousin of Nasrallah and like him is a cleric. He also reportedly survived the attack on the Hezbollah headquarters.[92]

Al Jazeera identified Naim Qassem as another possible successor.[93]

Reactions

Domestic

Hezbollah and allies

Hezbollah stated in a message that it would continue its fight against Israel. After the announcement of Nasrallah's death, the Hezbollah-affiliated Al-Manar TV aired Quran verses.[94] Hezbollah supporters immediately took to the streets mourning his death and gunfire was heard.[95]

The Amal Movement, the Shia counterpart of Hezbollah, said that the death of Nasrallah would not weaken the resistance. It called Nasrallah a "martyr" and pledged to remain "shoulder to shoulder, heart to heart, and arm to arm" against Israel.[96] Hezbollah's Christian ally Michel Aoun gave condolences to Nasrallah's family also stating, "Lebanon has lost an exceptional leader who led the national resistance."[97]

Lebanese government

Lebanese caretaker Prime Minister Najib Mikati has denounced the attack, calling Lebanese civilians to "stand united in the face of aggression".[98] He declared three days of official mourning in Lebanon.[99]

In Beirut, Lebanese army tanks were deployed near the Burj Al Ghazal bridge to prevent clashes between Shia and Christian neighborhoods.[100] In the eastern part of the city, where Hezbollah's political rivals hold influence, some residents have reacted to Nasrallah's death with a blend of surprise and joy.[100]

The government announced three days of mourning for Nasrallah with Mikati stating that the official mourning would start on 30 September with flags to fly at half-staff on public buildings.[101]

Iran

Following the strike on 27 September, The New York Times reported that Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei convened an emergency meeting of the Supreme National Security Council at his residence.[102] Officials told Reuters that Khamenei had been moved to a secure location in Iran under increased security measures.[103]

On 28 September, in response to the IDF's announcement of Nasrallah's assassination, Khamenei issued a statement urging Muslims to support Hezbollah and the people of Lebanon, calling them "to stand by the people of Lebanon and the proud Hezbollah with whatever means they have and assist them in confronting the ... wicked regime." Iranian state media reported that he also asserted, "the fate of this region will be determined by the forces of resistance, with Hezbollah at the forefront."[104] Khamenei declared five days of mourning across the country for Nasrallah.[105] President Masoud Pezeshkian said that the attack would only "strengthen the resistance" and that the international community would not forget the "terrorist attack".[106] Some in Iran gathered in central locations to perform Shia mourning rituals, waving Hezbollah flags and chanting ballads.[107]

On 29 September, the New York Times reported that Iranian officials debated how to respond to Nasrallah's death. At a high-level meeting, conservative members, including Saeed Jalili, urged a swift retaliatory strike on Israel to establish deterrence. President Pezeshkian, however, cautioned against falling into a trap for a larger war. Other moderates warned that attacking Israel could lead to devastating strikes on Iran's infrastructure, given the country's struggling economy.[108]

Israel

IDF Chief of Staff Herzi Halevi stated, "This is not the end of our toolbox," adding that "those who threaten the citizens of the State of Israel – we will know how to reach them – in the North, in the South, and even in more distant places."[98]

International

Militant groups

Hamas and the Yemeni Houthi movement issued statements mourning Nasrallah.[100][125][126] A surface-to-surface ballistic missile launched from Yemen towards central Israel was shot down by the Arrow defense system.[127]

Analysis

The Economist noted that "Mr Nasrallah's death will reshape Lebanon, and the region, in ways that would have been unthinkable a year ago." According to the newspaper, "Whoever takes the reins will face the most precarious moment in Hezbollah's four-decade history. It is not just that Israel has wiped out almost its entire military leadership, erasing centuries of experience in a matter of two months. It is also that the group stands humiliated in front of a Lebanese public that had already come to resent Hezbollah for its heavy-handed domination of politics."[78]

Writing in The New York Times, Farnaz Fassihi said the assassination of Nasrallah eliminated a key figure from Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's inner circle, as Iran had spent forty years developing Hezbollah as a frontline defense against Israel.[108] Fassihi said that Iran had, over time, activated a broader network of militant groups, including Hezbollah, to open multiple fronts against Israel, aiming to create regional chaos and pressure both the U.S. and Israel into negotiating a ceasefire with Hamas.[108]

The Wall Street Journal reported that Israel's assaults on Hezbollah, marked by significant intelligence penetration and culminating in Nasrallah's death, highlight the group's miscalculation regarding both Israel's resilience and Iran's power. According to their analysis, "In retrospect, this was the outcome of Nasrallah’s making two strategic mistakes: grossly underestimating Israel, his foe, and overestimating the abilities of his patron, Iran, and its network of allied militant groups in the region."[128]

The Guardian said the killing has "inevitably focused attention on two questions: whether Israel’s long-term policy of assassinations is effective, and what the killing of Nasrallah and other senior Hezbollah commanders means for the group." noting that the 1992 killing of Abbas al-Musawi, secretary general of Hezbollah only led to the succession of Hassan Nasrallah and that "it may take months to see what, if any, significant impact the campaign of assassinations of Hezbollah leaders will have dealt the group".[129]

According to The Washington Post, the killing of Nasrallah "left a shaken Lebanon ... a void the militant group might struggle to fill, and its battle with Israel on an uncertain and possibly more violent path."[99] The Daily Telegraph stated that the assassination "may forever cripple Hezbollah, weaken Iranian influence and potentially even reshape the Middle East itself." It added that Israel's recent strikes against Hezbollah "had shown Israel was not short of accurate intelligence about a movement that it had clearly infiltrated at all levels." The newspaper also observed that "now, with its leader out of the equation, it [Hezbollah] may quite possibly be facing a slow but terminal decline. As its once formidable reputation shrinks, so too might that of Iran, which created, nurtured, funded, armed, and trained Hezbollah."[130]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Hezbollah Confirms Leader Nasrallah's Death". Barron's. AFP. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "Hezbollah confirms its leader Hassan Nasrallah was killed in an Israeli airstrike". AP News. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Israel Targets Hezbollah Chief Nasrallah in Massive Beirut Strike; Israeli Officials Estimate 300 Killed". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  4. ^ a b c "Did Israel succeed in eliminating its number one enemy? – analysis". The Jerusalem Post. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  5. ^ a b c Bergman, Ronen; Kingsley, Patrick (28 September 2024). "Israel Tracked Nasrallah for Months Before Assassination, Officials Say". The New York Times.
  6. ^ "Israeli airstrikes rock Beirut, target Hezbollah command". Reuters. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Israel says it struck Hezbollah's headquarters as huge explosions rocked Beirut". AP News. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  8. ^ a b Ben-Yishai, Ron (27 September 2024). "Nasrallah's fate may remain unknown for days after powerful bombings". Ynetnews. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  9. ^ a b IDF Spokesperson's Unit (28 September 2024). "Press Briefing by IDF Spokesperson RAdm. Daniel Hagari - September 28, 2024". IDF. Archived from the original on 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  10. ^ a b Pasko, Simcha (28 September 2024). "IDF Confirms Death of Hezbollah Chief Nasrallah in Beirut Strike". The Media Line. Archived from the original on 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  11. ^ a b Lubell, Maayan; Gebeily, Maya (28 September 2024). "Israel kills Hezbollah leader Nasrallah in airstrike". Reuters. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  12. ^ "Nasrallah's body recovered from rubble two days after assassination". Ynetnews. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  13. ^ a b Lau, Chris; Nicholls, Catherine; Tanno, Sophie; Vogt, Adrienne; Powell, Tori B.; Meyer, Matt; Iyer, Kaanita; Raine, Andrew (28 September 2024). "Israel Says It Targeted Hezbollah Leader in Strikes on Beirut: Live Updates". CNN. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  14. ^ a b "IRGC deputy commander killed in Israeli strikes on Beirut – Iranian media". The Jerusalem Post. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  15. ^ "In blistering UN speech, Netanyahu says Israel seeks peace but will fight until victory". Times of Israel. 27 September 2024.
  16. ^ "Israel-Lebanon latest: Explosions in Beirut after Netanyahu vows to keep fighting Hezbollah". BBC News. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  17. ^ "Lebanese Prime Minister says Israel's attack on southern Beirut proves it 'does not care' about international calls for a cease-fire". NBC News. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  18. ^ Powell, Lex Harvey, Sophie Tanno, Aditi Sangal, Tara John, Tori B. (27 September 2024). "Israel carries out deadly strikes on Lebanon's capital". CNN. Retrieved 28 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ "Lebanon PM denounces Israel's 'destructive plan' amid IDF strikes on Hezbollah". Times of Israel. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  20. ^ Byman, Daniel (24 September 2024). "The Beeper Balance Sheet". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  21. ^ "Arab states watch Hezbollah deterrence weakened, Israeli deterrence restored – analysis". The Jerusalem Post. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  22. ^ "Cold military logic takes over in Israel-Hezbollah conflict". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  23. ^ "Israeli strikes kill 492 in Lebanon's deadliest day of conflict since 2006". AP News. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  24. ^ Zitun, Yoav; Eichner, Itamar; Ari, Lior Ben (27 September 2024). "IDF strikes Hezbollah central command in Beirut; Nasrallah reportedly targeted". Ynetnews. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  25. ^ Najjar, Lyndal Rowlands, Alastair McCready, Stephen Quillen, Edna Mohamed, Usaid Siddiqui, Farah. "Israel attacks Lebanon updates: Unequivocal US support for Israel's wars". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ "Death toll nears 500 in Israeli strikes on Lebanon, health ministry says". France 24. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  27. ^ Najjar, Lyndal Rowlands, Alastair McCready, Stephen Quillen, Edna Mohamed, Usaid Siddiqui, Farah. "Israel attacks Lebanon updates: Unequivocal US support for Israel's wars". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ "Israel-Hezbollah latest: Israel launches fresh strikes on Lebanon; next potential Hezbollah leader said to have survived". Sky News. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  29. ^ "'We're already at war', Lebanese minister says - as he warns of 'catastrophic' number of casualties from Israeli airstrikes". Sky News. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  30. ^ a b Stroul, Dana (23 September 2024). "Israel and Hezbollah Are Escalating Toward Catastrophe". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  31. ^ "Hezbollah bombards Israeli positions in disputed area along border with Syria's Golan Heights". AP News. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  32. ^ "Hezbollah Fires on Israel After Several Members Killed in Shelling". Al Jazeera. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  33. ^ "Mapping 10,000 cross-border attacks between Israel and Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  34. ^ "Israeli strikes in Lebanon kill three including Hezbollah commander, sources say". Reuters. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  35. ^ Yerushalmy, Jonathan; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Yang, Maya; Bayer, Lili; Belam, Martin; Davies, Caroline; Livingstone, Helen; Chao-Fong, Jonathan Yerushalmy (now) with Léonie; Livingstone (earlier), Helen (26 September 2024). "US and France working on Hezbollah-Israel ceasefire plan – as it happened". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  36. ^ "'We're already at war', Lebanese minister says – as he warns of 'catastrophic' number of casualties from Israeli airstrikes". Sky News. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  37. ^ "Lebanon: Flash Update #25 – Escalation of hostilities in South Lebanon, as of 23 August 2024 – Lebanon". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 27 August 2024. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  38. ^ Keller-Lynn, Carrie (27 July 2024). "Deadly Rocket Strike on Soccer Field Raises Risk of Escalation with Hezbollah". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  39. ^ "Mapping 11 months of Israel-Lebanon cross-border attacks". Al Jazeera. 11 September 2024. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  40. ^ "'Flagrant violation': Danny Danon demands UNSC condemn Hezbollah, enforce resolution 1701". The Jerusalem Post. 26 August 2024. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  41. ^ "Netanyahu on Hezbollah: We're not waiting for threats, we're pre-empting them". The Jerusalem Post. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  42. ^ "UN report says IDF tank fire killed 'clearly identifiable' reporter". The Jerusalem Post. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  43. ^ "'Flagrant violation': Danny Danon demands UNSC condemn Hezbollah, enforce resolution 1701". The Jerusalem Post. 26 August 2024. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  44. ^ "Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) during the period from 21 February to 20 June 2023" (PDF). UN Security Council Resolutions. 13 July 2023.
  45. ^ "Lebanon FM fears intensification of Israeli Hezbollah offensive". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  46. ^ "Bowen: Tactical triumph for Israel, but Hezbollah won't be deterred". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  47. ^ "Israel sets new war goal of returning residents to the north". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  48. ^ "The return of evacuated residents to northern Israel is now a war goal, PMO says". The Jerusalem Post. 17 September 2024. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  49. ^ a b Kent, Lauren (17 September 2024). "Israel behind deadly pager explosions that targeted Hezbollah and injured thousands in Lebanon". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  50. ^ Christou, William (20 September 2024). "'We are isolated, tired, scared': pager attack leaves Lebanon in shock". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  51. ^ Hijazi, S. (20 September 2024). "Nasrallah: We suffered a 'hard blow'... but Israel failed". L'Orient-Le Jour. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  52. ^ Brennan, David; El-Bawab, Nadine (18 September 2024). "20 more dead, 450 injured as new round of explosions rocks Lebanon: Health officials". ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  53. ^ Bassam, Lailla; Mackenzie, James (25 September 2024). "Hezbollah's tunnels and flexible command weather Israel's deadly blows". Reuters.
  54. ^ "Israel-Lebanon latest: Israel had 'no connection' with deadly exploding pager attack, president claims". The Independent. 22 September 2024. Archived from the original on 22 September 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  55. ^ Skopeliti, Clea (18 September 2024). "First Thing: Israel planted explosives in thousands of Hezbollah pagers – reports". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 September 2024. Israel placed explosives inside thousands of pagers imported by Hezbollah months before Tuesday's extraordinary attacks, according to sources cited by Reuters and US media.
  56. ^ Frenkel, Sheera; Bergman, Ronen; Saad, Hwaida (18 September 2024). "How Israel Built a Modern-Day Trojan Horse: Exploding Pagers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024. Even before Mr. Nasrallah decided to expand pager usage, Israel had put into motion a plan to establish a shell company that would pose as an international pager producer. By all appearances, B.A.C. Consulting was a Hungary-based company that was under contract to produce the devices on behalf of a Taiwanese company, Gold Apollo. In fact, it was part of an Israeli front, according to three intelligence officers briefed on the operation. They said at least two other shell companies were created as well to mask the real identities of the people creating the pagers: Israeli intelligence officers.
  57. ^ "Dozens of Hezbollah members wounded in Lebanon when pagers exploded, sources and witnesses say". Reuters. 17 September 2024. Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  58. ^ "Hezbollah Chief Nasrallah: Israel Crossed All Red Lines, This Is a Declaration of War". Haaretz. 19 September 2024. Archived from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
  59. ^ Westfall, Sammy; George, Susannah (20 September 2024). "Who was Ibrahim Aqil, the Hezbollah leader killed in Israeli strike?". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  60. ^ Jalabi, Raya; Shotter, James (21 September 2024). "Israel kills elite Hizbollah commanders in Beirut strike". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  61. ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Boxerman, Aaron (23 September 2024). "Israel and Hezbollah Trade Heavy Fire; Over 180 Killed in Lebanon, Officials Say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
  62. ^ "Netanyahu dismisses Hezbollah cease-fire push, confounding White House". Washington Post.
  63. ^ "Joint Statement by the United States, Australia, Canada, European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Qatar". The White House. 26 September 2024.
  64. ^ a b "Israel conducts massive strike in Beirut targeting Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah". Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  65. ^ "Who is Hassan Nasrallah? The leader of Hezbollah and his impact on Lebanon and Israel". The Jerusalem Post. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  66. ^ Daher 2019, p. 156-158.
  67. ^ Daher 2019, p. 159.
  68. ^ Robinson, Lou (24 August 2024). "Hezbollah: What weapons does it have? A visual guide". CNN. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  69. ^ Barnard, Anne (20 May 2013). "Hezbollah's Role in Syria War Shakes the Lebanese". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 June 2013. Hezbollah, stronger than the Lebanese Army, has the power to drag the country into war without a government decision, as in 2006, when it set off the war by capturing two Israeli soldiers
  70. ^ Morris, Loveday (12 June 2013). "For Lebanon's Sunnis, growing rage at Hezbollah over role in Syria". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013. ... Hezbollah, which has a fighting force generally considered more powerful than the Lebanese army.
  71. ^ "Hassan Nasrallah, leader of Hizbullah". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  72. ^ Daher 2019, p. 165.
  73. ^ a b c d Daher 2019, p. 169.
  74. ^ Norton, Augustus R. (2018). Hezbollah: a short history. Princeton studies in Muslim politics (3rd ed.). Princeton Oxford: Princeton University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-691-18088-5.
  75. ^ a b "Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah transformed the militant group into a potent regional force". AP News. 28 September 2024.
  76. ^ a b Khatib, Lina; Matar, Dina; Alshaer, Atef (2014). The Hizbullah phenomenon: politics and communication. London: Hurst & Company. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-84904-335-9.
  77. ^ "Lebanon's powerhouse Hezbollah hit by backlash after blast". AP News. 30 August 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  78. ^ a b c "Hassan Nasrallah's death will reshape Lebanon and the Middle East". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  79. ^ "Nasr Allah murder plot: five charged". Al Jazeera.
  80. ^ Eichner, Itamar; Yehoshua, Yossi (27 September 2024). "'Nasrallah was present at command center,' Israeli officials say". Ynetnews. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  81. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (28 September 2024). "Senior IAF officials say strike that killed Nasrallah pulled off flawlessly". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  82. ^ Jared Malsin; Summer Said; Adam Chamseddine; Anat Peled (28 September 2024). "How Israel Killed Hezbollah's Leader in Underground Bunker". Wall Street Journal.
  83. ^ "PM's office says Netanyahu approved Beirut airstrike from his hotel room". Times of Israel. 27 September 2024.
  84. ^ "The enemy raid on the suburb was a belt of fire that extended from the outskirts of Burj al-Barajneh camp and reaching Haret Hreik. (In Arabic)". National News Agency. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  85. ^ John, Lex Harvey, Sophie Tanno, Aditi Sangal, Tara (27 September 2024). "Huge explosions rock Beirut as Netanyahu says Israel has 'every right' to fight Hezbollah". CNN. Retrieved 27 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  86. ^ "حزب الله ينعى أمينه العام حسن نصر الله" [Hezbollah mourns its secretary-general Hassan Nasrallah]. Al Jazeera (in Arabic). 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  87. ^ "Body of Hezbollah leader has been recovered, sources say". Reuters. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  88. ^ Hamdi Alkhshali and Vasco Cotovio. "Several buildings flattened after Israeli strikes, Lebanese state news agency reports". CNN. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  89. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (29 September 2024). "Hezbollah confirms commander of Southern Front, Ali Karaki, killed alongside Nasrallah". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  90. ^ "Israel tracked Nasrallah for months before the assassination, officials say". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  91. ^ "BREAKING: Hezbollah confirms Nasrallah is killed after Israeli strike". Middle East Monitor. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  92. ^ Yang, Maya; Lowe, Yohannes; Mackay, Hamish; Fulton, Adam; Lowe, Maya Yang (now) ; Yohannes; Fulton (earlier), Adam (28 September 2024). "Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah killed by Israel in major escalation of conflict – Middle East live". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 28 September 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  93. ^ Salhani, Justin. "Who will succeed Hassan Nasrallah as Hezbollah's next leader?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  94. ^ "Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah confirmed killed in Beirut attack". The Jerusalem Post. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  95. ^ Gebeily, Maya (28 September 2024). "Shots in the air, wails and disbelief in Beirut after Hezbollah head killed". Reuters. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  96. ^ "Amal Movement says Nasrallah's killing will only increase resistance". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  97. ^ "Missile launched from Lebanon towards Jerusalem intercepted by Israeli army; Houthis say they targeted Tel Aviv airport: Day 358 of the Gaza and Lebanon wars". L'Orient Le Jour. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  98. ^ a b "Lebanon PM condemns Israeli attack that killed Nasrallah, civilians". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  99. ^ a b Fahim, Kareem; George, Susannah; El Chamaa, Mohamad; Cheeseman, Abbie (29 September 2024). "Nasrallah's death stuns Lebanon, as Israel pummels Beirut". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  100. ^ a b c "Live Updates: Hezbollah Confirms Leader's Death in Israeli Airstrike". The New York Times.
  101. ^ "Lebanon declares three days of mourning for slain Hezbollah chief". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  102. ^ "Live Updates: Israel Targets Hezbollah Leader in Strike on Residential Buildings Near Beirut". The New York Times. 27 September 2024.
  103. ^ "Iran's Supreme Leader moved to secure location under heightened security, sources say". Reuters. 28 September 2024.
  104. ^ "Iran's supreme leader calls on Muslims to assist Lebanon in confronting Israel". The Jerusalem Post. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  105. ^ "Iran's supreme leader declares 5 days of mourning for slain Hezbollah chief". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  106. ^ "Iranian president says Nasrallah killing to 'strengthen resistance'". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  107. ^ "Live Updates: Hezbollah Confirms Leader's Death in Israeli Airstrike". The New York Times.
  108. ^ a b c Fassihi, Farnaz (29 September 2024). "Iran Projects Caution After Israeli Strikes Against Hezbollah". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  109. ^ "'Tension between Lebanon and Israel is a spillover of the Gaza conflict': China". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  110. ^ "France says working to prevent 'destabilisation' following Nasrallah's killing". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  111. ^ "Lebanon destabilisation 'not in Israel's security interest': Germany". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  112. ^ "Iraq declares three days of mourning after Nasrallah killing". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  113. ^ "Iraq's Green Zone blocked by protests following Nasrallah killing". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  114. ^ "Mahmoud Abbas offers condolences to Lebanon after Nasrallah's killing". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  115. ^ Marsi, Urooba Jamal, Federica. "Israel hits Beirut again after Hezbollah confirms Nasrallah's killing". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  116. ^ "Russia condemns 'killing of Palestinian civilians by American weapons'". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  117. ^ "South Africa denounces Israel's 'indiscriminate' attacks on Lebanon". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  118. ^ "Syria condemns 'despicable' Israeli killing of Nasrallah". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  119. ^ "Hezbollah's Victims Express Relief at Its Disarray". The New York Times. 28 September 2024.
  120. ^ Mahlool, Fared Al; Yan, Sophia (28 September 2024). "Syrians take to the streets to celebrate Hassan Nasrallah's death". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  121. ^ "SSNP mourns Nasrallah, pledges to continue the march". National News Agency. 28 September 2024.
  122. ^ "Turkey says Israel won't stop attacking Lebanon". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  123. ^ "Biden: Nasrallah's death was 'measure of justice' for his many victims". The Jerusalem Post. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  124. ^ "Statement from President Joe Biden on the Death of Hassan Nasrallah". The White House. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  125. ^ "Yemen's Houthis mourn slain Hezbollah chief, say resistance will not be broken". Reuters. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  126. ^ "Hamas mourns Hezbollah leader's killing". Al Jazeera. 28 September 2024.
  127. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (28 September 2024). "IDF says missile fired from Yemen shot down outside of country's borders". Times of Israel.
  128. ^ Trofimov, Yaroslav (29 September 2024). "Hezbollah Misjudged Israel's Weakness and Iran's Might". The Wall Street Journal.
  129. ^ Beaumont, Peter (29 September 2024). "Impact of Hezbollah assassinations may take months to emerge". The Guardian.
  130. ^ Blomfield, Adrian (28 September 2024). "How Israel killed Hezbollah's leader Nasrallah and crippled the enemy on its border". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 29 September 2024.

Sources

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_Hezbollah_headquarters_strike&oldid=1248512397"