137th Airlift Squadron

137th Airlift Squadron
Squadron C-17A Globemaster III at Stewart ANGB
Active	1942–1945; 1948–1961; 1961–1969; 1969–present
Country	United States
Allegiance	New York
Branch	Air National Guard
Type	Squadron
Role	Airlift
Part of	New York Air National Guard
Garrison/HQ	Stewart Air National Guard Base, Newburgh, New York
Decorations	Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Insignia
137th Airlift Squadron emblem
137th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron emblem
504th Fighter Squadron emblem
Tail stripe	"Stewart" on a black stripe
World War II Fuselage code	5Q

The 137th Airlift Squadron is a unit of the New York Air National Guard 105th Airlift Wing located at Stewart Air National Guard Base, Newburgh, New York. First constituted 3 Aug 1943, the squadron has played a crucial role in military operations from World War II to present-day humanitarian missions. Operating C-17A Globemaster III aircraft, the 137th specializes in strategic and tactical airlift, supporting global military and disaster relief efforts. Renowned for its versatility, the squadron has received numerous accolades for its exceptional performance.

History

World War II

Organization and training

A-24, first plane flown by the squadron

The first predecessor of the squadron was formed in August 1942 as the 483rd Bombardment Squadron at Hunter Field, Georgia, as one of the original four squadrons of the 339th Bombardment Group. It was equipped with Douglas A-24 Banshee dive bombers, and also flew a few Curtiss A-25 Shrikes. In July 1943, it moved to Walterboro Army Air Field, South Carolina, where it re-equipped with Bell P-39 Airacobras. The following month, along with all other single engine bomber units of the Army Air Forces (AAF), it was redesignated as a fighter-bomber unit, becoming the 504th Fighter-Bomber Squadron. It moved to Rice Army Air Field, California in September 1943, where in addition to training with its P-39s, it participated in maneuvers. I departed Rice for the European Theater of Operations on 9 March 1944, sailing from the New York Port of Embarkation on the MV Stirling Castle on 22 March.

Combat in the European Theater

Squadron P-51D Mustang at RAF Bassingbourn

The squadron landed in England on 4 April and arrived at its combat station, RAF Fowlmere, the next day. Its first airplane arrived on 12 April, a North American P-51D Mustang. It quickly converted to the new fighter, and flew its first combat mission, a fighter sweep, on 30 April. In May, it dropped the "Bomber" from its name, becoming the 504th Fighter Squadron. It flew escort for Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bombers during its first five weeks of operations, and afterwards flew escort missions to cover operations of medium and heavy bombers that struck strategic objectives, interdicted enemy lines of communication, and provided air support for ground forces.

On D-Day It provided fighter cover over the English Channel and the coast of Normandy for the landing forces. It strafed and dive bombed vehicles, locomotives, marshaling yards, flak batteries, and troops while Allied forces fought to break out of the beachhead in France. It attacked transportation targets during Operation Cobra, the July breakout at Saint Lo, and the subsequent Allied drive across France. It flew area patrols during Operation Market-Garden, the airborne landings attempting to secure a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands in September.

The squadron frequently strafed airfields and other targets of opportunity while on escort missions. It was awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation for its actions on escort missions on 10 and 11 September 1944. On the first day, after escorting bombers attacking a target in Germany, it attacked an airfield near Erding, destroying or damaging enemy aircraft despite intense fire from antiaircraft guns and small arms. The following day, escorting a formation of bombers attacking Munich that was attacked by enemy interceptor aircraft. The squadron shot down or drove off the attacking aircraft, while other elements attacked an airfield near Karlsruhe, encountering heavy fire, but damaging or destroying numerous aircraft parked on the field.

The squadron escorted bombers to, and flew patrols over the battle area during the Battle of the Bulge, the German counterattack in the Ardennes in December 1944 through early January 1945. In March 1945 it supported Operation Varsity, the assault across the Rhine in Germany, patrolling the area to prevent German air attacks. It flew its last combat mission on 21 April 1945.

In August and September 1945, the squadron transferred its planes to depots and many of its personnel were reassigned. The remaining squadron members left the theater in September, preceding the remainder of the 339th Group, which sailed on the RMS Queen Mary in October. It was briefly stationed at Drew Field once again before inactivating on 7 November 1945.

New York Air National Guard

Fighter operations

The 504th Squadron was redesignated the 137th Fighter Squadron and was allotted to the National Guard on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Westchester County Airport, White Plains, New York, and was extended federal recognition on 24 June 1948. The squadron was equipped with Republic F-47D Thunderbolts and was assigned to the 107th Fighter Group, when the group was organized in December .

The mission of the 137th Fighter Squadron was the air defense of southeast New York and New York City. Aircraft parts were no problem and many of the maintenance personnel were World War II veterans so readiness was quite high and the planes were often much better maintained than their USAF counterparts. In some ways, the postwar Air National Guard was almost like a flying country club and a pilot could often show up at the field, check out an aircraft and go flying. However, the unit also had regular military exercises that kept up proficiency and in gunnery and bombing contests they would often score at least as well or better than active-duty USAF units, given the fact that most ANG pilots were World War II combat veterans.

137th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron F-94B

With the surprise invasion of South Korea on 25 June 1950, and the regular military's lack of readiness, most of the Air National Guard was federalized placed on active duty. The 137th was retained by the State of New York to maintain the air defense mission primarily of New York City. In 1951, the Thunderbolts were replaced by Very Long Range North American F-51H Mustangs with were capable of extended air defense flights over all of New York State.

The air defense mission remained after the Korean War armistice and the unit resumed normal peacetime training and drills. In 1954, the Mustang was ending its service life and Air Defense Command (ADC) was re-equipping its fighter-interceptor squadrons with jet aircraft. The 137th received Lockheed F-94B Starfires, however the F-94 required a two-man aircrew a pilot and an observer to operate its radar equipment. Trainees for the radar assignment had to attend regular Air Force training schools, and required virtually the same qualifications as the pilot trainees. The additional recruitment of guardsmen led to the units having a manning and capabilities problem that lasted for some time until the unit was returned to full readiness.

In 1956, the 107th Fighter-Interceptor Wing was reorganized and redesignated as the 107th Air Defense Wing. As a result, the 137th was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 105th Fighter Group (Air Defense) was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 137th becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 105th Material Squadron, 105th Air Base Squadron, and the 105th USAF Dispensary. The North American F-86H Sabre replaced the F-94B Starfires in 1957.

137th Tactical Fighter Squadron F-86H

A major change to the 107th Air Defense Wing in 1958 was the transition from an ADC mission to Tactical Air Command (TAC) and a tactical fighter mission, the 105th being re-designated as a Tactical Fighter Group; and squadron becoming the 137th Tactical Fighter Squadron. The new assignment involved a change in the group's training mission to include high-altitude interception, air-to-ground rocketry, ground strafing and tactical bombing.

Airlift operations

The 105th Tactical Fighter Group was inactivated on 1 February 1961 with the 137th being transferred to the 106th Aeromedical Transport Group on 1 February 1961 and was redesignated the 137th Aeromedical Transport Squadron as Military Air Transport Service (MATS) became its wartime gaining command. The 137th converted to flying the Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar. The squadron airlifted critically injured and sick personnel until late 1963.

With air transportation recognized as a critical need, the squadron was redesignated the 137th Air Transport Squadron , Heavy on 1 December 1963 and equipped with Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter heavy transports, although the aeromedical flight remained as a secondary mission. With the C-97s, the 137th augmented MATS airlift capability worldwide in support of the Air Force's needs in Europe. It also flew scheduled MATS transport missions to Europe, Africa the Caribbean and South America. On 1 January 1966, MATS became Military Airlift Command (MAC) and the 137th was redesignated as the 137th Military Airlift Squadron.

In 1966, the squadron began operations to and from bases in South Vietnam. During calendar year 1967, in addition to the Southeast Asia flights which continued throughout the year until September, the squadron flew missions to South America, Africa, Australia, Asia and Europe in support of MAC and the Joint Chiefs of Staff airlift (directed) missions. The overseas flights also were in addition to a variety of airlift missions flown within the continental United States to include Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico carrying personnel of the active military, Reserve and National Guard units to and from training sites and a continuing series of joint exercises.

Tactical air control mission

In 1969 the C-97s were reaching the end of their operational lifetime and in March, the 105th became the 105th Tactical Air Support Group and was again gained by TAC. The 137th Tactical Air Support Squadron received interim Cessna U-3 Blue Canoe aircraft which was shortly replaced with the Cessna O-2A Super Skymaster direct from Cessna. The O-2 was a military development of the Cessna 337 Skymaster, a high wing, twin boom aircraft with a unique centerline pusher/tractor twin engine configuration. The O-2A version, used by the 137th TASS, was used in forward air control (FAC) missions, often in conjunction with a ground FAC and ROMAD (radio operator, maintenance, and driver), team.

The squadron mission was to train forward air controllers and to maintain proficiency in the unit aircraft. An unusual highlight of 1970 was the call to active duty on 24, 25 and 26 March for the New York City postal strike, when President Richard Nixon called on New York City area Guardsmen to sort and deliver the mail. The 105th performed its postal duties at the Main Bronx Post Office, Westchester County Airport. The NYANG ramp continued to be the "entrance of choice" by foreign dignitaries, and President Nixon during 1970. The Presidents of France, Ecuador, and several other foreign notables landed there on visits to the U.S. President Nixon arrived there during his campaign for Republican Congressmen in the fall.

During this time, the unit received the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award. After becoming a part of TAC, the unit received the New York State Governor's Trophy, as the State's outstanding flying unit, more than one half of the years.

As part of the drawdown of forces in Southeast Asia, aircraft from the Vietnam War were added to make up the allocated number to the squadron. However, the 137th had to actually rebuild most of the Vietnam Veteran aircraft, which had been through the most rigorous of combat operations in South Vietnam. The squadron made national news through their program of assisting local governmental health agencies in the detection of violations of water and stream pollution laws. 105th pilots, on the kind of observation missions they would be doing in combat, initiated a program of photography and reporting to local civic officials. The local health agency would then send its own aircraft up to take similar photographs for evidence and possible action. The 105th was awarded the Governor's Trophy for 1974, signifying the outstanding flying unit of the New York Air National Guard for that year.

The 105th was upgraded to a Wing on 14 June 1975, the group becoming the operational organization for the new wing organization. In August 1978 the group was inactivated with the 137th being assigned directly to the Wing. However, the unit reverted to Group status on 1 July 1979, when the Wing organization was transferred to the 174th Tactical Fighter Group to accommodate the newly organized Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II Wing.

In 1981, the group deployed to Lechfeld Air Base, West Germany to observe A-10 close air support operations, and forward air control in the NATO/USAFE environment. The visit provided a first-hand look at tactics used by various NATO members, as well as an in-depth look at Forward Operating locations and NATO air tasking orders.

In the early 1980s, it became apparent that the facility at Westchester Airport was not large enough to support a conversion to a new aircraft or mission. The State's Division of Military and Naval Affairs started negotiations with National Guard Bureau to relocate the unit. As a result, USAF and the Air National Guard approved a unit relocation to Stewart International Airport, Newburgh, New York. This move took advantage of the excellent airfield facilities at Stewart, which was an active Air Force Base through 1969. The move, initiated during 1982 was completed by the last quarter of 1983.

Return to airlift mission

Squadron C-5A Galaxy at Portland International Airport

In May 1983, the unit relocated to Stewart International Airport. It was redesignated the 105th Military Airlift Group on 1 May 1984 and later in July 1985 became the first Air National Guard unit in the Nation to fly the Lockheed C-5A Galaxy aircraft. Soon after receiving its first C-5A aircraft, in October 1985 the unit airlifted 84,600 pounds of cots and bedding to Puerto Rico following Hurricane Gloria.

In October 1988 the 137th airlifted 300,000 pounds of hurricane relief and reconstruction supplies to the island nation of Jamaica following Hurricane Gilbert. In January 1989 the unit carried 146,610 pounds of earthquake relief supplies to aid Soviet Armenia. In March 1989 the 105th responded with less than 24 hours notice to an MAC request to airlift an over 80,000 pound submersible vehicle from Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland and Homestead Air Force Base, Florida to Kadena Air Base, Japan to assist in search and recovery operations for an Air Force Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King helicopter which crashed in the East China Sea. Throughout the summer and fall of 1989 the 137th continued to support reconstruction efforts in Jamaica by airlifting National Guard civil engineering teams and equipment to that island nation.

Beginning in October 1989 the unit airlifted over 2,000,000 pounds of relief supplies to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands following Hurricane Hugo. In December 1991 the 105th airlifted over 145,000 pounds of clothing, blankets and medical supplies to Bucharest, Romania. In February 1992 the unit participated in Operation Provide Hope, the airlift of humanitarian aid to the Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union); delivering 384,000 pounds of relief materials to Saint Petersburg, Russia and Yerevan, Armenia.

1989 ended on a dramatic note for the squadron as it performed its wartime mission in support of Operation Just Cause. The over 2,200,000 pounds of cargo airlifted by the 105th in support of that operation represented approximately 25% of the initial total airlift effort of all of MAC's C-5 fleet assigned to both active duty and reserve component elements.

Squadron C-5A Galaxy supporting Hurricane Katrina relief operations

On 7 August 1990 Governor Mario Cuomo announced that the Department of Defense had requested, and he had approved, the participation of the personnel and C-5A aircraft of the 137th in support of Operation Desert Shield in the Persian Gulf region. On 24 August the squadron was called to active duty by President George H. W. Bush to provide continued support for this operation. While the 137th was formally returned to state control on 15 May 1991, the majority of unit members chose to remain in active status until 1 August 1991 in response to MAC's need for continuing airlift support of Operation Desert Storm and Operation Provide Comfort (Kurdish relief).

In March 1992, with the end of the Cold War, the unit was redesignated as the 137th Airlift Squadron. On 1 October 1995, the 105th adopted the Air Force Objective Wing organization plan, the 105th Airlift Wing was established and the 137th Airlift Squadron was assigned to the new 105th Operations Group.

In September 1992 the unit responded to Hurricane Andrew; delivering 1,289,953 pounds of food, tents, mobile kitchens, vehicles, and emergency services personnel to the Homestead area of South Florida. In November 1992 the 105th airlifted 118,450 pounds—including generators, portable shelters and medical supplies and equipment—to Zagreb, Croatia to support the U.S. Army's 212th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital's establishment of a facility to provide a full range of health care for United Nations forces deployed in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. From December 1992 to April 1993 the 105th supported Operation Restore Hope providing humanitarian airlift of 2,800,000 pounds of supplies and over 600 passengers into Somalia. Following massive flooding in the central United States in July 1993, the unit airlifted, to Des Moines, Iowa; ten reverse osmosis water purification systems weighing a total of over 380,000 pounds and capable of providing over 600,000 gallons of potable water a day. In August 1993 the unit airlifted 75 tons of relief supplies and equipment to Southern Turkey to be used to help Kurdish refugees from Iraqi terrorism.

The last squadron C-5A Galaxy leaving Stewart for the last time

In October 1993 the 105th returned to Somalia, delivering military personnel and almost 860,000 pounds of equipment non-stop—with triple air refueling—directly from bases in the United States to Mogadishu. In July 1994 105th aircraft began carrying humanitarian relief supplies to the people of Rwanda—by early September 1,635,189 pounds of supplies and equipment were delivered to East Africa. In late September 1994 the unit began airlifting over a million pounds of supplies and equipment to Haiti as part of Operation Uphold Democracy. The 105th played a key role in July 1995 for Operation Quick Lift when it airlifted 431,000 pounds of cargo and 190 British troops from RAF Brize Norton, UK to Split, Croatia in support of the United Nations' Rapid Reaction Deployment Force.

In October 1994 squadron aircraft and volunteer crews played a key role in Operation Vigilant Warrior and Operation Southern Watch deterring potential Iraqi aggression in the Arabian Peninsula. In August 1995 the 105th played a key role in airlifting personnel and equipment to Kuwait in support of Vigilant Warrior II and Exercise Intrinsic Action.

Immediately following Hurricane Marilyn in September 1995, the unit airlifted 527,200 pounds of desperately needed supplies and equipment to the citizens of the American Virgin Islands.

In December 1995, 105th Airlift Wing C-5 crews embarked on the first of six missions in support of President Bill Clinton's peacekeeping mission in Bosnia, transporting almost 800,000 pounds of U.S. Army support equipment to the European theater. The 105th returned to the East African country of Rwanda in March 1996 to deliver 120,000 pounds of vital supplies and equipment in support of the Rwandan War Crimes Tribunal and the World Food Program.

In mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with air expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept was developed that would mix Active Duty, Reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as "provisional" as in the 1991 Gulf War, expeditionary units are composed of "aviation packages" from several wings would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.

Since 1996, the 137th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron has been formed and deployed in support of world contingencies including Operation Joint Endeavor, Operation Allied Force, and Operation Joint Guardian. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, the 137th EAS was formed and activated to support Operation Northern Watch, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

The first C-17 assigned to the 105th Airlift Wing lands at the base on 18 July 2011.

On 27 November 2010, the USAF selected the squadron and Stewart as its "preferred base" for eight Boeing C-17 Globemaster III aircraft. The squadron's C-5s were retired and replaced by the C-17s. The last squadron C-5 departed its Hudson Valley home for the last time on 19 September 2012.

The initial C-17 assigned to the squadron arrived on 18 July 2011. Unlike its predecessor, the C-17 can take off and land from unpaved runways.

In the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the 105th Airlift Wing and the 213d Engineering Installation Squadron deployed 75 New York ANG Airmen as part of the state response to the disaster in New York City and Long Island. The Airmen were part of Joint Operations Area 3, Joint Task Force 3 hurricane relief operations in Manhattan and were among more than 2,400 Army and ANG service members deployed at the order of Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo.

Lineage

137th Aeromedical Transport Squadron

• Constituted as the 483d Bombardment Squadron (Dive) on 3 August 1942

Activated on 10 August 1942

Redesignated 504th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 10 August 1943

Redesignated 504th Fighter Squadron on 30 May 1944

Inactivated on 7 November 1945

• Redesignated 137th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine and allotted to the National Guard on 24 May 1946

Received federal recognition and activated on 24 June 1948

Redesignated 137th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 1 October 1952

Redesignated 137th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 10 November 1958

Redesignated 137th Aeromedical Transport Squadron, Light on 27 January 1961

Inactivated on 1 December 1961

Consolidated with 137th Military Airlift Squadron¹ and 137th Military Airlift Squadron² on 17 August 1987

137th Military Airlift Squadron

• Constituted as the 137th Aeromedical Transport Squadron and allotted to the Air National Guard

Activated on 1 May 1961

Redesignated 137th Air Transport Squadron, Heavy on 1 December 1963

Redesignated 137th Military Airlift Squadron¹ on 8 January 1966

Inactivated on 27 May 1969

Consolidated with 137th Aeromedical Transport Squadron and 137th Military Airlift Squadron² on 17 August 1987

137th Airlift Squadron

Constituted as the 137th Tactical Air Support Squadron and allotted to the Air National Guard on 1 May 1969

Activated on 27 May 1969

Redesignated 137th Military Airlift Squadron² on 1 May 1984

Federalized and ordered to active service on 24 August 1990

Released from active duty and returned to New York state control on 1 August 1991

Consolidated with 137th Aeromedical Transport Squadron and 137th Military Airlift Squadron¹ on 17 August 1987

Redesignated 137th Airlift Squadron, 18 March 1992

Assignments

• 339th Bombardment Group (later 339th Fighter-Bomber Group, 339th Fighter Group), 10 August 1942 – 18 October 1945
• Unknown 18 October – 7 November 1945
• 52d Fighter Wing, 24 June 1948
• 107th Fighter Group (later 107th Fighter-Interceptor Group), 8 December 1948
• 106th Composite Group, 1 November 1950
• 107th Fighter Group (later 107th Fighter-Interceptor Group), 1 February 1951
• 105th Fighter Group (later 105th Tactical Fighter Group), 1 May 1956
• 106th Aeromedical Transport Group, 1 February 1961
• 105th Air Transport Group (later 105th Military Airlift Group), 1 December 1963
• 105th Tactical Air Support Group, 1 May 1969
• 105th Tactical Air Support Wing, c. 14 June 1975
• 105th Tactical Air Support Group (later 105th Military Airlift Group, 105th Airlift Group), 1 July 1979
• 105th Operations Group, 1 October 1995 – present

Stations

• Hunter Field, Georgia, 10 August 1942
• Drew Field, Florida, 6 February 1943
• Walterboro Army Air Field, South Carolina, 3 July 1943
• Rice Army Air Field, California, 17 September 1943 — 9 March 1944
• Camp Shanks, New York, 14–22 March 1944
• RAF Fowlmere (Station 378), England, 5 April 1944 — 8 September 1945
• Drew Field, Florida, c. 22 Sepember – 7 November 1945
• Westchester County Airport, White Plains, New York, 8 December 1948
• Stewart International Airport (later Stewart Air National Guard Base), Newburgh, New York, 1 May 1983 – present

Aircraft

• Douglas A-24 Banshee, 1942–1943
• Curtiss A-25 Shrike, 1942
• Bell P-39 Airacobra, 1943–1944
• North American P-51D Mustang, 1944–1945
• Republic F-47D Thunderbolt, 1948–1951
• North American F-51H Mustang, 1951–1954
• Lockheed F-94B Starfire, 1954–1957
• North American F-86H Sabre, 1957–1961
• Fairchild C-119J Flying Boxcar, 1961–1963
• Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter, 1963–1969
• Cessna U-3A/B Blue Canoe]], 1969–1971
• Cessna O-2 Skymaster, 1971–1984
• Lockheed C-5A Galaxy, 1984–2012
• Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, 2011–present

References

Notes

Explanatory notes

Citations

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Cornett, Lloyd H; Johnson, Mildred W. (1980). A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946 - 1980 (PDF). Peterson AFB, CO: Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
• Freeman, Roger A. (1970). The Mighty Eighth: Units, Men and Machines (A History of the US 8th Army Air Force). London, England, UK: Macdonald and Company. ISBN 978-0-87938-638-2.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
• Rogers, B. (2006). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. ISBN 1-85780-197-0
• Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors: Insignia and Markings of the Eighth Air Force In World War II. Vol. II (VIII) Fighter Command. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7643-2535-3.

External links

• various New York Adjutant Generals. "New York Department of Military Affairs Adjutant General Reports, 1846–1988 (not all years reported)". New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
• No byline (March 1984). "Environmental Assessment for the Construction/Operation of an Air National Guard - U.S. Marine Corps Reserve Installation at Stweart International Airport Newburgh, New York" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
• No byline. "Inside the 105th AW: Hisory of the 105th Airlift Wing". 105th Airlift Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2024.